From 2ff477a92324be98d59695f2795f0b178ff3196a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Adam T. Carpenter" Date: Fri, 15 Jan 2021 15:04:47 -0500 Subject: fixed makefile titles, also published zroot mirrored vdevs --- Makefile | 2 +- drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html | 299 ---------------- index.html | 7 + ...n-zfs-a-zpool-of-mirror-vdevs-the-easy-way.html | 375 +++++++++++++++++++++ ...ear-god-why-are-pdf-editors-such-an-ordeal.html | 73 ---- rss.xml | 6 + 6 files changed, 389 insertions(+), 373 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html create mode 100644 posts/unix/2021-01-15-root-on-zfs-a-zpool-of-mirror-vdevs-the-easy-way.html delete mode 100644 posts/unix/dear-god-why-are-pdf-editors-such-an-ordeal.html diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index bbd41c7..05df297 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ post: SHORT_DATE=`date +"%Y-%m-%d"`; \ LONG_DATE=`date +"%a, %d %b %Y"`; \ mkdir -p posts/$$CATEGORY; \ - FILENAME=posts/$$CATEGORY/$$SHORT_DATE-`echo $$TITLE | tr -C "[:alnum:]" ' ' | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]" | tr -s "[:blank:]" ' '`.html; \ + FILENAME=posts/$$CATEGORY/$$SHORT_DATE-`printf "$$TITLE" | tr -Cs "[:alnum:]" '-' | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"`.html; \ cp $(TEMPLATE) $$FILENAME; \ sed -i '' "s/{{ title }}/$$TITLE/g" $$FILENAME; \ $$EDITOR $$FILENAME; \ diff --git a/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html b/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html deleted file mode 100644 index e15f262..0000000 --- a/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,299 +0,0 @@ -

Root on ZFS: A ZPool of Mirror VDEVs

- -

- I wanted/needed to make a root on ZFS pool out of multiple mirror VDEVs, and - since I'm not a ZFS expert, I took a little shortcut. -

- -

- I recently got a new-to-me server (yay!) and I wanted to do a root-on-ZFS - setup on it. I've really enjoyed using ZFS for my data storage pools for a - long time. I've also enjoyed the extra functionality that comes with having a - bootable system installed on ZFS on my laptop and decided with this upgrade - it's time to do the same on my server. Historically I've used RAIDZ for my - storage pools. RAIDZ functions almost like a RAID10 but at the ZFS level. It - gives you parity so that a certain number of disks can die from your pool and - you won't lose any data. It does have a few tradeoffs however*, and for - personal preferences I've decided that for the future I would like to have a - single ZPool over top of multiple mirror VDEVs. In other words, my main - root+storage pool will be made up of two-disk mirrors and can be expanded to - include any number of new mirrors I can fit into the machine. -

- -

- This did present some complications. First of all, - bsdinstall won't set this up for you automatically (and sure - enough, - in the handbook - it mentions the guided root on ZFS tool will only create a single, top-level - VDEV unless it's a stripe). It will happily let you use RAIDZ for your ZROOT - but not the more custom approach I'm taking. I did however use - bsdinstall as a shortcut so I wouldn't have to do all of the - partitioning and pool setup manually, and that's what I'm going to document - below. Because I'm totally going to forget how this works the next time I have - to do it. -

- -

- In my scenario I have an eight-slot, hot-swappable PERC H310 controller that's - configured for AHCI passthrough. In other words, all FreeBSD sees is as many - disks as I have plugged into the backplane. I'm going to fill it with 6x2TB - hard disks which, as I said before, I want to act as three mirrors (two disks - each) in a single, bootable, growable ZPool. For starters, I shoved the - FreeBSD installer on a flash drive and booted from it. I followed all of the - regular steps (setting hostname, getting online, etc.) until I got to the - guided root on ZFS disk partitioning setup. -

- -

- Now here's where I'm going to take the first step on my shortcut. Since there - is no option to create the pool of arbitrary mirrors I'm just going to create - a pool from a single mirror VDEV of two disks. Later I will expand the pool to - include the other two mirrors I had intended for. My selections were as - follows: -

- - - -

- Everything else was left as a default. Then I followed the installer to - completion. At the end, when it asked if I wanted to drop into a shell to do - more to the installation, I did. -

- -

- The installer created the following disk layout for the two disks that I - selected. -

- -
-
-atc@macon:~ % gpart show
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd0  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd1  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-
- -

- The installer also created the following ZPool from my single mirror VDEV. -

- -
-
-atc@macon:~ % zpool status
-  pool: zroot
- state: ONLINE
-  scan: none requested
-config:
-
-	NAME             STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
-	zroot            ONLINE       0     0     0
-	  mirror-0       ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd0p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd1p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-
-errors: No known data errors
-
-
- -

- There are a couple of things to take note of here. First of all, - both disks in the bootable ZPool have an EFI boot partition. That - means they're both a part of (or capable of?) booting the pool. Second, they - both have some swap space. Finally, they both have a third partition which is - dedicated to ZFS data, and that partition is what got added to my VDEV. -

- -

- So where do I go from here? I was tempted to just - zpool add mirror ... ... and just add my other disks to the pool - (actually, I did do this but it rendered the volume unbootable for a - very important reason), but then I wouldn't have those all-important boot - partitions (using whole-disk mirror VDEVS). Instead, I need to manually go - back and re-partition four disks exactly like the first two. Or, since all I - want is two more of what's already been done, I can just clone the partitions - using gpart backup and restore! Easy! Here's what I - did for all four remaining disks: -

- -
-
-root@macon:~ # gpart backup mfisyspd0 | gpart restore -F mfisyspd2`
-
-
- -

- Full disclosure, I didn't even think of this as a possibility - until I read this Stack Exchange post. This gave me a disk layout like this: -

- -
-
-atc@macon:~ % gpart show
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd0  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd1  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd2  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd3  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd4  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd5  GPT  (1.8T)
-          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
-      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
-      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
-     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
-  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
-
-
- -

- And to be fair, this makes a lot of logical sense. You don't want a six-disk - pool to only be bootable by two of the disks or you're defeating some of the - purposes of redundancy. So now I can extend my ZPool to include those last - four disks. -

- -

- This next step may or may not be a requirement. I wanted to overwrite where I - assumed any old ZFS/ZPool metadata might be on my four new disks. This could - just be for nothing and I admit that, but I've run into trouble in the past - where a ZPool wasn't properly exported/destroyed before the drives were - removed for another purpose and when you use those drives in future - zpool imports, you can see both the new and the old, failed - pools. And, in the previous step I cloned an old ZFS partition many times! So - I did a small dd on the remaining disks to help me sleep at - night: -

- -
-
-root@macon:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mfisyspd2 bs=1M count=100
-
-
- -

- One final, precautionary step is to write the EFI boot loader to the new - disks. In - zpool admin handbook - it mentions you should do this any time you replace a zroot device, - so I'll do it just for safe measure on all four additional disks: -

- -
-
-root@macon:~ # gpart bootcode -p /boot/boot1.efifat -i 1 mfisyspd2
-
-
- -

- Don't forget that the command is different for UEFI and a traditional BIOS. - And finally, I can add my new VDEVs: -

- -
-
-root@macon:~ # zpool zroot add mirror mfisyspd2p3 mfisyspd3p3
-root@macon:~ # zpool zroot add mirror mfisyspd4p3 mfisyspd5p3
-
-
- -

And now my pool looks like this:

- -
-
-atc@macon:~ % zpool status
-  pool: zroot
- state: ONLINE
-  scan: none requested
-config:
-
-	NAME             STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
-	zroot            ONLINE       0     0     0
-	  mirror-0       ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd0p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd1p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	  mirror-1       ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd2p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd3p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	  mirror-2       ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd4p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-	    mfisyspd5p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
-
-errors: No known data errors
-
-
- -

- Boom. A growable, bootable zroot ZPool. Is it easier than just configuring the - partitions and root on ZFS by hand? Probably not for a BSD veteran. But since - I'm a BSD layman, this is something I can live with pretty easily. At least - until this becomes an option in bsdintall maybe? At least now I - can add as many more mirrors as I can fit into my system. And it's just as - easy to replace them. This is better for me than my previous RAIDZ, where I - would have to destroy and re-create the pool in order to add more disks to the - VDEV. Now I just create another little mirror and grow the pool and all of my - filesystems just see more storage. And of course, having ZFS for all of my - data makes it super easy to create filesystems on the fly, compress or quota - them, and take snapshots (including the live ZROOT!) and send those snapshots - over the network. Pretty awesome. -

- -

- * I'm not going to explain why here, but - this is a pretty well thought out article - that should give you an idea about the pros and cons of RAIDZ versus mirror - VDEVs so you can draw your own conclusions. -

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 12d7558..cf2df69 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -67,6 +67,13 @@