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  | 
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::sync::mpsc;
use std::thread;
enum Message {
    NewJob(Job),
    Terminate,
}
trait FnBox {
    fn call_box(self: Box<Self>);
}
impl <F: FnOnce()> FnBox for F {
    fn call_box(self: Box<F>) {
        (*self)()
    }
}
type Job = Box<FnBox + Send + 'static>;
pub struct ThreadPool {
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
}
impl ThreadPool {
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Result<ThreadPool, &'static str> {
        if size <= 0 {
            return Err("failed to create pool");
        }
        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
        let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size);
        for id in 0..size {
            workers.push(Worker::new(id, Arc::clone(&receiver))?);
        }
        Ok(ThreadPool {
            workers,
            sender,
        })
    }
    pub fn spawn<F, T>(f: F) -> thread::JoinHandle<T>
        where
            F: FnOnce() -> T + Send + 'static,
            T: Send + 'static
    {
        thread::spawn(f)
    }
    pub fn execute<F>(&self, f: F) 
        where 
            F: FnOnce() + Send + 'static 
    {
        let job = Box::new(f);
        self.sender.send(Message::NewJob(job)).unwrap();
    }
}
impl Drop for ThreadPool {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        for _ in &mut self.workers {
            self.sender.send(Message::Terminate).unwrap();
        }
        println!("shutting down all workers...");
        for worker in &mut self.workers {
            println!("shutting down worker {}", worker.id);
            if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {
                thread.join().unwrap();
            }
        }
    }
}
struct Worker {
    id: usize,
    thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
}
impl Worker {
    pub fn new(id: usize, receiver: Arc<Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>>)
        -> Result<Worker, &'static str>
    {
        let thread = thread::spawn(move || { 
            loop {
                let message = receiver.lock().unwrap().recv().unwrap();
                match message {
                    Message::NewJob(job) => {
                        println!("worker {} got job, executing...", id);
                        job.call_box();
                    },
                    Message::Terminate => {
                        println!("worker {} was told to terminate...", id);
                        break;
                    },
                }
            }
        });
        Ok(Worker {
            id,
            thread: Some(thread),
        })
    }
}
  |