added/finished Zroot mirror vdevs

7 files changed, 395 insertions, 19 deletions

diff --git a/cv.html b/cv.html
index 9057ed4..42b4b50 100644
--- a/cv.html
+++ b/cv.html
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     <label for="email">Email</label>
     <a id="email" href="mailto:atc@53hor.net">atc@53hor.net</a>
     <label for="www">WWW</label>
-    <a id="www" href="https://www.53hor.net/profile/">www.53hor.net/profile</a>
+    <a id="www" href="https://www.53hor.net/info.html">www.53hor.net/profile</a>
     <label for="git">Git</label>
     <a id="git" href="https://git.53hor.net">git.53hor.net</a>
 
diff --git a/drafts/2020 reading list.html b/drafts/2020 reading list.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e8cbf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drafts/2020 reading list.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<h1>Adam's <del>2020</del> <ins>Quarantine</ins> Reading List</h1>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>The Maltese Falcon</li>
+  <li>The Big Sleep</li>
+  <li>The Giver</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 1</li>
+  <li>Harry Potter 7 (finished 2021)</li>
+  <li>Myst</li>
+  <li>Myst</li>
+  <li>Myst</li>
+  <li>Hatchet</li>
+  <li>2 detective books?</li>
+  <li>Theodore Boone</li>
+  <li>Lighter than Air</li>
+  <li>Brief Histor of Flight</li>
+  <li>The Time Machine</li>
+  <li>The Island of Dr. Moreau</li>
+  <li>The Invisible Man</li>
+  <li>Treasure Island</li>
+  <li>Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg</li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/drafts/dell-dock.html b/drafts/dell-dock.html
index 4be6691..4a9dd9a 100644
--- a/drafts/dell-dock.html
+++ b/drafts/dell-dock.html
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-<h1>Make Your Docking Station Work for You on FreeBSD</h1>
+<h1>Make Your Docking Station Work for You (on FreeBSD)</h1>
 
 <p class="description">
-  Here's the problem. I have a Dell Latitude E-series laptop running FreeBSD
-  12.1-RELEASE. I also have a Dell E-Port II docking station on my desk. I
-  wanted to be able to take my shut, sleeping laptop and plop it down on the
-  docking station, hit the dock power button, and have the laptop wake up and
-  switch over to all of the docking station peripherals. All of the USB devices
-  did this without any additional work. However, the ethernet hookup, external
-  monitor, and speakers all required some additional tinkering. This assumes
-  that you're already familiar with wired and wireless network interfaces on
-  FreeBSD!
+  I have a Dell Latitude E-series laptop running FreeBSD 12.2-RELEASE. I also
+  have a Dell E-Port II docking station on my desk. I wanted to be able to take
+  my shut, sleeping laptop and plop it down on the docking station, hit the dock
+  power button, and have the laptop wake up and switch over to all of the
+  docking station peripherals. So I did it! And now I'm going to write about it
+  so I don't forget how. You need to know a little bit about FreeBSD
+  <code>sysctl</code> knobs, display outputs in X, sound devices, and
+  <code>ifconfig</code> networking.
 </p>
 
-<h2>Link Aggregation (Failover)</h2>
+<h2>Switching from Ethernet to WiFi and Back Again, Seamlessly</h2>
 
 <p>
   FreeBSD doesn't magically swap from wireless to wired connections by default,
@@ -20,21 +19,21 @@
   <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/network-aggregation.html"
     >FreeBSD handbook page on network aggregation</a
   >
-  as it's where I found out how to do what I'm about to show you. Basically,
+  as it's where I found out about link aggregation and failover. Basically,
   aggregation lets you bind two of your network interfaces together into a
   single virtual interface. Failover lets your traffic continue moving as long
-  as one of the aggregated interfaces has is connected. The steps I had to
-  follow are as follows:
+  as one of the aggregated interfaces has is connected. 
+  Here's what I had to do:
 </p>
 
-<ul>
+<ol>
   <li>
-    Bind the wireless network interface to the MAC address of the wired
-    interface
+    Bind the wireless network interface (wlan0) to the MAC address of the wired
+    interface (em0)
   </li>
   <li>Create a lagg interface using the two network interfaces</li>
   <li>Bind the lagg interface to an IP address, preferably with DHCP</li>
-</ul>
+</ol>
 
 <p>All of this is configured in my <code>rc.conf</code>:</p>
 
@@ -54,3 +53,50 @@ ifconfig_lagg0="up laggproto failover laggport em0 laggport wlan0 DHCP" # <- con
   will take over. This transition happens instantly, and without interrupting
   traffic; active transactions aren't cut short for example.
 </p>
+
+<h2>Sleeping on Lid Close Except When Docked</h2>
+
+<p>
+  This is an easy one. You can use <code>sysctl</code> to configure what happens
+  when a laptop lid is closed. I wanted the lid closing while undocked to
+  suspend (put the laptop to sleep). When it's docked however, I don't use the
+  internal display and wanted to be able to shut the lid and leave it shut. If you read <code>ACPI(4)</code> in the manual, you'll find this little passage:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<blockquote>
+hw.acpi.lid_switch_state
+		 Suspend state (S1-S5) to enter when the lid switch (i.e., a
+		 notebook screen) is closed.  Default is "NONE" (do nothing).
+</blockquote>
+<pre>
+
+<p>I changed this value a long time ago so closing the lid suspends the laptop. You can check with <code>sysctl</code>:</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+$ sysctl hw.acpi.lid_switch_state
+hw.acpi.lid_switch_state: S3
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>Now, if I wanted to disable this functionality, I would just change this parameter as root:</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+$ doas sysctl hw.acpi.lid_switch_state=NONE
+hw.acpi.lid_switch_state: NONE -> NONE
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+This change takes effect immediately. I can open and close the lid and nothing happens but turning off the screen. Awesome.
+
+<h2>Swapping Primary Display Outputs (Also Nvidia Screen-Tearing)</h2>
+
+<h2>Switching Default Sound Device</h2>
+
+<h2>Putting It All Together (Scripts Are Glue)</h2>
+
+<h2>What I Didn't Have to Do</h2>
+
+usb devices, battery/charging
diff --git a/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html b/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e15f262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drafts/expanding-zroot-mirrored-vdevs.html
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+<h1>Root on ZFS: A ZPool of Mirror VDEVs</h1>
+
+<p class="description">
+  I wanted/needed to make a root on ZFS pool out of multiple mirror VDEVs, and
+  since I'm not a ZFS expert, I took a little shortcut.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  I recently got a new-to-me server (yay!) and I wanted to do a root-on-ZFS
+  setup on it. I've really enjoyed using ZFS for my data storage pools for a
+  long time. I've also enjoyed the extra functionality that comes with having a
+  bootable system installed on ZFS on my laptop and decided with this upgrade
+  it's time to do the same on my server. Historically I've used RAIDZ for my
+  storage pools. RAIDZ functions almost like a RAID10 but at the ZFS level. It
+  gives you parity so that a certain number of disks can die from your pool and
+  you won't lose any data. It does have a few tradeoffs however*, and for
+  personal preferences I've decided that for the future I would like to have a
+  single ZPool over top of multiple mirror VDEVs. In other words, my main
+  root+storage pool will be made up of two-disk mirrors and can be expanded to
+  include any number of new mirrors I can fit into the machine.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  This did present some complications. First of all,
+  <code>bsdinstall</code> won't set this up for you automatically (and sure
+  enough,
+  <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall-partitioning.html"
+    >in the handbook</a
+  >
+  it mentions the guided root on ZFS tool will only create a single, top-level
+  VDEV unless it's a stripe). It will happily let you use RAIDZ for your ZROOT
+  but not the more custom approach I'm taking. I did however use
+  <code>bsdinstall</code> as a shortcut so I wouldn't have to do all of the
+  partitioning and pool setup manually, and that's what I'm going to document
+  below. Because I'm totally going to forget how this works the next time I have
+  to do it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  In my scenario I have an eight-slot, hot-swappable PERC H310 controller that's
+  configured for AHCI passthrough. In other words, all FreeBSD sees is as many
+  disks as I have plugged into the backplane. I'm going to fill it with 6x2TB
+  hard disks which, as I said before, I want to act as three mirrors (two disks
+  each) in a single, bootable, growable ZPool. For starters, I shoved the
+  FreeBSD installer on a flash drive and booted from it. I followed all of the
+  regular steps (setting hostname, getting online, etc.) until I got to the
+  guided root on ZFS disk partitioning setup.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Now here's where I'm going to take the first step on my shortcut. Since there
+  is no option to create the pool of arbitrary mirrors I'm just going to create
+  a pool from a single mirror VDEV of two disks. Later I will expand the pool to
+  include the other two mirrors I had intended for. My selections were as
+  follows:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>Pool Type/Disks: mirror mfisyspd0 mfisyspd1</li>
+  <li>Pool Name: zroot</li>
+  <li>Partition Scheme: GPT (EFI)</li>
+  <li>Swap Size: 4g</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+  Everything else was left as a default. Then I followed the installer to
+  completion. At the end, when it asked if I wanted to drop into a shell to do
+  more to the installation, I did.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  The installer created the following disk layout for the two disks that I
+  selected.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+atc@macon:~ % gpart show
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd0  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd1  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  The installer also created the following ZPool from my single mirror VDEV.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+atc@macon:~ % zpool status
+  pool: zroot
+ state: ONLINE
+  scan: none requested
+config:
+
+	NAME             STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
+	zroot            ONLINE       0     0     0
+	  mirror-0       ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd0p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd1p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+
+errors: No known data errors
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  There are a couple of things to take note of here. First of all,
+  <em>both</em> disks in the bootable ZPool have an EFI boot partition. That
+  means they're both a part of (or capable of?) booting the pool. Second, they
+  both have some swap space. Finally, they both have a third partition which is
+  dedicated to ZFS data, and that partition is what got added to my VDEV.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  So where do I go from here? I was tempted to just
+  <code>zpool add mirror ... ...</code> and just add my other disks to the pool
+  (actually, I <em>did</em> do this but it rendered the volume unbootable for a
+  very important reason), but then I wouldn't have those all-important boot
+  partitions (using whole-disk mirror VDEVS). Instead, I need to manually go
+  back and re-partition four disks exactly like the first two. Or, since all I
+  want is two more of what's already been done, I can just clone the partitions
+  using <code>gpart backup</code> and <code>restore</code>! Easy! Here's what I
+  did for all four remaining disks:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+root@macon:~ # gpart backup mfisyspd0 | gpart restore -F mfisyspd2`
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  Full disclosure, I didn't even think of this as a possibility
+  <a
+    href="ihttps://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/472147/replacing-disk-when-using-freebsd-zfs-zroot-zfs-on-partition#472175"
+    >until I read this Stack Exchange post</a
+  >. This gave me a disk layout like this:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+atc@macon:~ % gpart show
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd0  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd1  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd2  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd3  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd4  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+
+=>        40  3907029088  mfisyspd5  GPT  (1.8T)
+          40      409600          1  efi  (200M)
+      409640        2008             - free -  (1.0M)
+      411648     8388608          2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
+     8800256  3898228736          3  freebsd-zfs  (1.8T)
+  3907028992         136             - free -  (68K)
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  And to be fair, this makes a lot of logical sense. You don't want a six-disk
+  pool to only be bootable by two of the disks or you're defeating some of the
+  purposes of redundancy. So now I can extend my ZPool to include those last
+  four disks.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  This next step may or may not be a requirement. I wanted to overwrite where I
+  assumed any old ZFS/ZPool metadata might be on my four new disks. This could
+  just be for nothing and I admit that, but I've run into trouble in the past
+  where a ZPool wasn't properly exported/destroyed before the drives were
+  removed for another purpose and when you use those drives in future
+  <code>zpool import</code>s, you can see both the new and the old, failed
+  pools. And, in the previous step I cloned an old ZFS partition many times! So
+  I did a small <code>dd</code> on the remaining disks to help me sleep at
+  night:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+root@macon:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mfisyspd2 bs=1M count=100
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  One final, precautionary step is to write the EFI boot loader to the new
+  disks. In
+  <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/zfs-zpool.html"
+    >zpool admin handbook</a
+  >
+  it mentions you should do this any time you <em>replace</em> a zroot device,
+  so I'll do it just for safe measure on all four additional disks:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+root@macon:~ # gpart bootcode -p /boot/boot1.efifat -i 1 mfisyspd2
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  Don't forget that the command is different for UEFI and a traditional BIOS.
+  And finally, I can add my new VDEVs:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+root@macon:~ # zpool zroot add mirror mfisyspd2p3 mfisyspd3p3
+root@macon:~ # zpool zroot add mirror mfisyspd4p3 mfisyspd5p3
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>And now my pool looks like this:</p>
+
+<pre>
+<code>
+atc@macon:~ % zpool status
+  pool: zroot
+ state: ONLINE
+  scan: none requested
+config:
+
+	NAME             STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
+	zroot            ONLINE       0     0     0
+	  mirror-0       ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd0p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd1p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	  mirror-1       ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd2p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd3p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	  mirror-2       ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd4p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+	    mfisyspd5p3  ONLINE       0     0     0
+
+errors: No known data errors
+</code>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+  Boom. A growable, bootable zroot ZPool. Is it easier than just configuring the
+  partitions and root on ZFS by hand? Probably not for a BSD veteran. But since
+  I'm a BSD layman, this is something I can live with pretty easily. At least
+  until this becomes an option in <code>bsdintall</code> maybe? At least now I
+  can add as many more mirrors as I can fit into my system. And it's just as
+  easy to replace them. This is better for me than my previous RAIDZ, where I
+  would have to destroy and re-create the pool in order to add more disks to the
+  VDEV. Now I just create another little mirror and grow the pool and all of my
+  filesystems just see more storage. And of course, having ZFS for all of my
+  data makes it super easy to create filesystems on the fly, compress or quota
+  them, and take snapshots (including the live ZROOT!) and send those snapshots
+  over the network. Pretty awesome.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  * I'm not going to explain why here, but
+  <a href="http://www.openoid.net/zfs-you-should-use-mirror-vdevs-not-raidz/"
+    >this is a pretty well thought out article</a
+  >
+  that should give you an idea about the pros and cons of RAIDZ versus mirror
+  VDEVs so you can draw your own conclusions.
+</p>
diff --git a/drafts/make-your-web-site-look-boring.html b/drafts/make-your-web-site-look-boring.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43b218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drafts/make-your-web-site-look-boring.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<h1>Make Your Web Site Boring!</h1>
+
+- functional - not disctracting - tasteful - readable
diff --git a/drafts/mpv is literally a flawless video player.html b/drafts/mpv is literally a flawless video player.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75c09a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drafts/mpv is literally a flawless video player.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+talk about playlist auto-chapters from description timesttamps
diff --git a/drafts/my web site looks like this b/drafts/my web site looks like this
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/drafts/my web site looks like this
+++ /dev/null