Added concurrency, pointers, oop

16 files changed, 703 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/add/Cargo.toml b/add/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b9688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[workspace]
+
+members = [
+    "adder",
+    "add-one",
+]
+
diff --git a/add/add-one/Cargo.toml b/add/add-one/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88d65d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add/add-one/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "add-one"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+rand = "0.3.14"
diff --git a/add/add-one/src/lib.rs b/add/add-one/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe3583e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add/add-one/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pub fn add_one(x: i32) -> i32 {
+    x + 1 
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn it_works() {
+        assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/add/adder/Cargo.toml b/add/adder/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fefcc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add/adder/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "adder"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
+add-one = { path = "../add-one" }
+
diff --git a/add/adder/src/main.rs b/add/adder/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7099fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add/adder/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use add_one;
+
+fn main() {
+    let num = 10;
+    println!("{}", add_one::add_one(num));
+}
diff --git a/blog/Cargo.toml b/blog/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f971d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blog/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "blog"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/blog/src/lib.rs b/blog/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8436a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blog/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+//pub struct Post {
+//    state: Option<Box<dyn State>>,
+//    content: String,
+//}
+//
+//impl Post {
+//    pub fn new() -> Post {
+//        Post {
+//            state: Some(Box::new(Draft {})),
+//            content: String::new(),
+//        }
+//    }
+//
+//    pub fn add_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
+//        self.content.push_str(text);
+//    }
+//
+//    pub fn content(&self) -> &str {
+//        self.state.as_ref().unwrap().content(&self)
+//    }
+//
+//    pub fn request_review(&mut self) {
+//        if let Some(s) = self.state.take() {
+//            self.state = Some(s.request_review())
+//        }
+//    }
+//
+//    pub fn approve(&mut self) {
+//        if let Some(s) = self.state.take() {
+//            self.state = Some(s.approve())
+//        }
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//trait State {
+//    fn request_review(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State>;
+//    fn approve(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State>;
+//    fn content<'a>(&self, post: &'a Post) -> &'a str {
+//        ""
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//struct Draft {}
+//
+//impl State for Draft {
+//    fn request_review(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        Box::new(PendingReview {})
+//    }
+//
+//    fn approve(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        self
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//struct PendingReview {}
+//
+//impl State for PendingReview {
+//    fn request_review(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        self
+//    }
+//
+//    fn approve(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        Box::new(Published {})
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//struct Published {}
+//
+//impl State for Published {
+//    fn request_review(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        self
+//    }
+//
+//    fn approve(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn State> {
+//        self
+//    }
+//
+//    fn content<'a>(&self, post: &'a Post) -> &'a str {
+//        &post.content
+//    }
+//}
+
+
+
+pub struct Post {
+    content: String,
+}
+
+pub struct DraftPost {
+    content: String,
+}
+
+pub struct PendingReviewPost {
+    content: String,
+}
+
+impl Post {
+    pub fn new() -> DraftPost {
+        DraftPost {
+            content: String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn content(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.content
+    }
+}
+
+impl DraftPost {
+    pub fn add_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
+        self.content.push_str(text);
+    }
+
+    pub fn request_review(self) -> PendingReviewPost {
+        PendingReviewPost {
+            content: self.content,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PendingReviewPost {
+    pub fn approve(self) -> Post {
+        Post {
+            content: self.content,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/blog/src/main.rs b/blog/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c976cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blog/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use blog::Post;
+
+fn main() {
+//    let mut post = Post::new();
+//
+//    post.add_text("salad");
+//    assert_eq!("", post.content());
+//
+//    post.request_review();
+//    assert_eq!("", post.content());
+//
+//    post.approve();
+//    assert_eq!("salad", post.content());
+
+
+
+//    let mut post = Post::new();
+//    post.add_text("salad");
+//    assert_eq!("", post.content());
+
+
+
+    let mut post = Post::new();
+
+    post.add_text("salad");
+    let post = post.request_review();
+    let post = post.approve();
+
+    assert_eq!("salad", post.content());
+
+
+
+
+
+    println!("Done.");
+}
diff --git a/concurrency/Cargo.toml b/concurrency/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bfe465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/concurrency/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "concurrency"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/concurrency/src/main.rs b/concurrency/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53417eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/concurrency/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::thread;
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+fn main() {
+//    let handle = thread::spawn(|| {
+//        for i in 1..10 {
+//            println!("spawned: {}", i);
+//            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+//        }
+//    });
+//
+//    for i in 1..5 {
+//        println!("main: {}", i);
+//        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+//    }
+//
+//    handle.join().unwrap();
+
+
+
+//    let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
+//
+//    let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+//        println!("Here's a vector: {:?}", v);
+//    });
+//
+//    drop(v);
+//    handle.join().unwrap();
+
+
+
+//    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+//
+//    thread::spawn(move || {
+//        let val = String::from("hi");
+//        tx.send(val).unwrap();
+//        dbg!(val);
+//    });
+//
+//    let received = rx.recv().unwrap();
+//    dbg!(received);
+
+
+
+//    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+//
+//    thread::spawn(move || {
+//        let vals = vec![
+//            String::from("the"),
+//            String::from("walking"),
+//            String::from("thread"),
+//        ];
+//
+//        for val in vals {
+//            tx.send(val).unwrap();
+//            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+//        }
+//    });
+//
+//    for received in rx {
+//        println!("got {}", received);
+//    }
+
+
+
+//    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+//
+//    let tx1 = mpsc::Sender::clone(&tx);
+//    thread::spawn(move || {
+//        let vals = vec![
+//            String::from("the"),
+//            String::from("walking"),
+//            String::from("thread"),
+//        ];
+//
+//        for val in vals {
+//            tx1.send(val).unwrap();
+//            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+//        }
+//    });
+//
+//    thread::spawn(move || {
+//        let vals = vec![
+//            String::from("welcome"),
+//            String::from("to"),
+//            String::from("woodberry"),
+//            String::from("!"),
+//        ];
+//
+//        for val in vals {
+//            tx.send(val).unwrap();
+//            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+//        }
+//    });
+//
+//    for received in rx {
+//        dbg!(received);
+//    }
+
+
+
+//    let m = Mutex::new(5);
+//
+//    {
+//        let mut num = m.lock().unwrap();
+//        *num = 6;
+//    }
+//
+//    println!("m = {:?}", m);
+
+
+
+    let counter = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
+    let mut handles = vec![];
+
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        let counter = Arc::clone(&counter);
+        let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut num = counter.lock().unwrap();
+
+            *num += 1;
+        });
+        handles.push(handle);
+    }
+
+    for handle in handles {
+        handle.join().unwrap();
+    }
+    
+    dbg!(*counter.lock().unwrap());
+
+    println!("Done.");
+}
diff --git a/guessing-game/Cargo.toml b/guessing-game/Cargo.toml
index 8238fc5..08e8e30 100755
--- a/guessing-game/Cargo.toml
+++ b/guessing-game/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 [package]
 name = "guessing-game"
 version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Adam Carpenter <carpenat@ES.AD.ADP.COM>"]
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
+description = "A fun game where you guess what number the computer has chosen."
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 rand = "0.3.14"
diff --git a/oop/Cargo.toml b/oop/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28311ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oop/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "oop"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/oop/src/lib.rs b/oop/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ef2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oop/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+pub trait Draw {
+    fn draw(&self);
+}
+
+pub struct Screen {
+    pub components: Vec<Box<dyn Draw>>,
+}
+
+impl Screen {
+    pub fn run(&self) {
+        for component in self.components.iter() {
+            component.draw();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Button {
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub label: String,
+}
+
+impl Draw for Button {
+    fn draw(&self) {
+        dbg!("drew button");
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SelectBox {
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub options: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Draw for SelectBox {
+    fn draw(&self) {
+        dbg!("drew select box");
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/oop/src/main.rs b/oop/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e92c07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/oop/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use oop::{Screen, Button, SelectBox};
+
+pub struct AveragedCollection {
+    list: Vec<i32>,
+    average: f64,
+}
+
+impl AveragedCollection {
+    pub fn add(&mut self, value: i32) {
+        self.list.push(value);
+        self.update_average();
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove(&mut self) -> Option<i32> {
+        let result = self.list.pop();
+        match result { 
+            Some(value) => {
+                self.update_average();
+                Some(value)
+            },
+            None => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn average(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.average
+    }
+
+    fn update_average(&mut self) {
+        let total: i32 = self.list.iter().sum();
+        self.average = total as f64 / self.list.len() as f64;
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let screen = Screen {
+        components: vec![
+            Box::new(SelectBox {
+                width: 75,
+                height: 10,
+                options: vec![
+                    String::from("Yes"),
+                    String::from("Maybe"),
+                    String::from("No")
+                ],
+            }),
+            Box::new(Button {
+                width: 50,
+                height: 10,
+                label: String::from("OK"),
+            }),
+        ],
+    };
+
+    screen.run();
+}
diff --git a/smart-pointers/Cargo.toml b/smart-pointers/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dcde9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smart-pointers/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "smart-pointers"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Adam Carpenter <53hornet@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/smart-pointers/src/main.rs b/smart-pointers/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a59f52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smart-pointers/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+use List::{Cons, Nil};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+
+//enum List {
+//    Cons(i32, Rc<List>),
+//    Nil,
+//}
+
+//#[derive(Debug)]
+//enum List {
+//    Cons(Rc<RefCell<i32>>, Rc<List>),
+//    Nil,
+//}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum List {
+    Cons(i32, RefCell<Rc<List>>),
+    Nil,
+}
+
+impl List {
+    fn tail(&self) -> Option<&RefCell<Rc<List>>> {
+        match self {
+            Cons(_, item) => Some(item),
+            Nil => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//enum List {
+//    Cons(i32, Box<List>),
+//    Nil,
+//}
+
+struct MyBox<T>(T);
+
+impl<T> MyBox<T> {
+    fn new(x: T) -> MyBox<T> {
+        MyBox(x)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Deref for MyBox<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+struct CustomSmartPointer {
+    data: String,
+}
+
+impl Drop for CustomSmartPointer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        println!("Dropped `{}`", self.data);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Node {
+    value: i32,
+    parent: RefCell<Weak<Node>>,
+    children: RefCell<Vec<Rc<Node>>>,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+//    let x = 5;
+//    let y = MyBox::new(x);
+//
+//    assert_eq!(5, x);
+//    assert_eq!(5, *y);
+
+//    let m = MyBox::new(String::from("world"));
+//    hello(&m);
+
+//    let c = CustomSmartPointer { data: String::from("my stuff") };
+//    drop(c);
+//    let d = CustomSmartPointer { data: String::from("other stuff") };
+//    println!("created.");
+
+//    let a = Rc::new(Cons(5, Rc::new(Cons(10, Rc::new(Nil)))));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+//    let b = Cons(3, Rc::clone(&a));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+//    {
+//        let c = Cons(4, Rc::clone(&a));
+//        dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+//    }
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+
+//    let value = Rc::new(RefCell::new(5));
+//
+//    let a = Rc::new(Cons(Rc::clone(&value), Rc::new(Nil)));
+//
+//    let b = Cons(Rc::new(RefCell::new(6)), Rc::clone(&a));
+//    let c = Cons(Rc::new(RefCell::new(10)), Rc::clone(&a));
+//
+//    *value.borrow_mut() += 10;
+//
+//    dbg!(a);
+//    dbg!(b);
+//    dbg!(c);
+
+//    let a = Rc::new(Cons(5, RefCell::new(Rc::new(Nil))));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+//    dbg!(a.tail());
+//    let b = Rc::new(Cons(10, RefCell::new(Rc::clone(&a))));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&b));
+//    dbg!(b.tail());
+//    
+//    if let Some(link) = a.tail() {
+//        *link.borrow_mut() = Rc::clone(&b);
+//    }
+//
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&b));
+//    dbg!(Rc::strong_count(&a));
+
+    //dbg!(a.tail()); // stack overflow
+
+    let leaf = Rc::new(Node {
+        value: 3, 
+        parent: RefCell::new(Weak::new()),
+        children: RefCell::new(vec![]),
+    });
+
+    println!("leaf strong = {}, weak = {}", 
+             Rc::strong_count(&leaf), 
+             Rc::weak_count(&leaf),);
+
+    {
+        let branch = Rc::new(Node {
+            value: 5,
+            parent: RefCell::new(Weak::new()),
+            children: RefCell::new(vec![Rc::clone(&leaf)]),
+        });
+
+        *leaf.parent.borrow_mut() = Rc::downgrade(&branch);
+
+        println!(
+            "branch strong = {}, weak = {}",
+            Rc::strong_count(&branch),
+            Rc::weak_count(&branch),
+        );
+
+        println!(
+            "leaf strong = {}, weak = {}",
+            Rc::strong_count(&leaf),
+            Rc::weak_count(&leaf),
+        );
+    }
+
+    println!("leaf parent = {:?}", leaf.parent.borrow().upgrade());
+    println!(
+        "leaf strong = {}, weak = {}",
+        Rc::strong_count(&leaf),
+        Rc::weak_count(&leaf),
+    );
+}
+
+fn hello(name: &str) {
+    println!("hiya {}", name);
+}
+
+pub trait Messenger {
+    fn send(&self, msg: &str);
+}
+
+pub struct LimitTracker<'a, T: 'a + Messenger> {
+    messenger: &'a T,
+    value: usize,
+    max: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> LimitTracker<'a, T> where T: Messenger {
+    pub fn new(messenger: &T, max: usize) -> LimitTracker<T> {
+        LimitTracker {
+            messenger,
+            value: 0,
+            max,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_value(&mut self, value: usize) {
+        self.value = value;
+
+        let percentage_of_max = self.value as f64 / self.max as f64;
+
+        if percentage_of_max >= 1.0 {
+            self.messenger.send("over quota");
+        }
+        else if percentage_of_max >= 0.9 {
+            self.messenger.send("90% of quota");
+        }
+        else if percentage_of_max >= 0.75 {
+            self.messenger.send("75% of quota");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    struct MockMessenger {
+        sent_messages: RefCell<Vec<String>>,
+    }
+
+    impl MockMessenger {
+        fn new() -> MockMessenger {
+            MockMessenger { sent_messages: RefCell::new(vec![]) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Messenger for MockMessenger {
+        fn send(&self, message: &str) {
+            self.sent_messages.borrow_mut().push(String::from(message));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sends_75() {
+        let mock_messenger = MockMessenger::new();
+        let mut limit_tracker = LimitTracker::new(&mock_messenger, 100);
+
+        limit_tracker.set_value(80);
+
+        assert_eq!(mock_messenger.sent_messages.borrow().len(), 1);
+    }
+}