Init.HEADmaster

118 files changed, 14995 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/hw3/.gitignore b/hw3/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f64613c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Debug
+Release
+Reference
+*.ppm
+
diff --git a/hw3/CMakeLists.txt b/hw3/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..984cdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+##################
+# Initialization #
+##################
+# Project name is not mandatory, but you should use it
+project(CSCI427)
+
+# States that CMake required version must be >= 2.6
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
+
+#####################
+# Setup Environment #
+#####################
+# set to include custom modules
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH $ENV{CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${CSCI427_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake)
+
+# set build type if specified by environment
+if((NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) AND (NOT $ENV{CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} STREQUAL ""))
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE $ENV{CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
+endif()
+
+# Set include directories
+include_directories(${CSCI427_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+
+# Get CPP files
+file(GLOB SRC ${CSCI427_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*cpp)
+
+# Get executable files
+file(GLOB EXECLIST ${CSCI427_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/*cpp)
+
+
+###############
+# C++ Options #
+###############
+# Enable C++11
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
+
+# determine build type based on directory name. Do not allow for in source building
+#
+if(${CSCI427_SOURCE_DIR} STREQUAL ${CSCI427_BINARY_DIR})
+  message(FATAL_ERROR " *** In-source building not allowed. Please create a subdir 'Release' or 'Debug', and run cmake from within this directory 'cmake ..' ***")
+else()
+  get_filename_component(TYPE ${CSCI427_BINARY_DIR} NAME)
+  string(TOUPPER "${TYPE}" TYPE)
+  if(${TYPE} STREQUAL "RELEASE")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)
+  else()
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
+ endif()
+ message("-- Build type set to: ${TYPE}")
+endif()
+
+#######################
+# Set Compile Targets #
+#######################
+# src libraries
+if(NOT SRC STREQUAL "")
+  set(LIBNAME "427_core")
+  add_library(${LIBNAME} ${SRC})
+endif()
+
+# executables
+foreach(EXEC ${EXECLIST})
+  get_filename_component(EXECNAME ${EXEC} NAME_WE)
+  add_executable(${EXECNAME} ${EXEC})
+
+  if(NOT SRC STREQUAL "")
+    target_link_libraries(${EXECNAME} LINK_PUBLIC ${LIBNAME})
+  endif()
+
+  message("-- Adding executable: ${EXECNAME}")
+endforeach(EXEC)
diff --git a/hw3/bin/HW1.cpp b/hw3/bin/HW1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e66297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/bin/HW1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include "vec3d.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  std::cout << "CSCI-427/527 Homework 1: Vectors" << std::endl;
+  
+  vec3d a(1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
+  vec3d b(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+  
+  std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
+
+  std::cout << "a+b = " << a+b << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a-b = " << a-b << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a*b = " << a*b << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a/b = " << a/b << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a*2 = " << a*2.0f << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b/2 = " << b/2.0f << std::endl;
+  
+  std::cout << "a.dot(b) = " << a.dot(b) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b.dot(a) = " << b.dot(a) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a.squared_length() = " << a.squared_length() << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b.length() = " << b.length() << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a.distance(b) = " << a.distance(b) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "a.cross(b) = " << a.cross(b) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b.cross(a) = " << b.cross(a) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "normalize(a) = " << normalize(a) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "abs(a) = " << abs(a) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b.normalize() = " << b.normalize() << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b.abs() = " << b.abs() << std::endl;
+
+  std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "b = " << b << std::endl;
+
+  // Done.
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/bin/HW2.cpp b/hw3/bin/HW2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70be45b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/bin/HW2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "image.h"
+#include "camera.h"
+#include "imageIO.h"
+#include "triangle.h"
+
+image generateImage(const camera& cam, const triangle& tri)
+{
+  float t;
+  vec3d barycentricCoord;
+  image result(cam.width(), cam.height());
+  
+  // for each pixel
+  for(image::size_type y=0; y < result.height(); y++)
+    for(image::size_type x=0; x < result.width(); x++)
+    {
+      // generate view ray
+      ray r = cam(x,y);
+
+      // intersect triangle
+      bool hit = tri.intersect(r, barycentricCoord, t);
+
+      // draw pixel
+      if(hit)
+	result(x,y) = color(barycentricCoord.x, barycentricCoord.y, barycentricCoord.z);
+      else 
+	result(x,y) = color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+
+  // Done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  // setup camera
+  camera cam( vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
+	      vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f),
+	      vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
+	      60.0f,
+	      512, 512 );
+  
+  // Image 1
+  std::cout << "Generating image 1." << std::endl;
+  
+  triangle t1( vec3d(1.0f, -1.0f, -2.0f),
+	       vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, -2.0f),
+	       vec3d(-1.0f, -1.0f, -2.0f) );
+
+  image result1 = generateImage(cam, t1);
+  exportImage("hw2-result1.ppm", result1);
+
+
+  // Image 2
+  std::cout << "Generating image 2." << std::endl;
+
+  triangle t2( vec3d(1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f),
+	       vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f),
+	       vec3d(-1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f) );  
+
+  image result2 = generateImage(cam, t2);
+  exportImage("hw2-result2.ppm", result2);
+
+
+  // Image 3
+  std::cout << "Generating image 3." << std::endl;
+
+  triangle t3( vec3d(-1.0f, -1.0f, -2.0f),
+	       vec3d(1.0f, -1.0f, -2.0f),
+	       vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, -2.0f) );  
+
+  image result3 = generateImage(cam, t3);
+  exportImage("hw2-result3.ppm", result3);
+
+
+  // Image 4
+  std::cout << "Generating image 4." << std::endl;
+
+  triangle t4( vec3d(-1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f),
+	       vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f),
+	       vec3d(1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f) );  
+
+  image result4 = generateImage(cam, t4);
+  exportImage("hw2-result4.ppm", result4);
+
+
+  // Image 5
+  std::cout << "Generating image 5." << std::endl;
+
+  triangle t5( vec3d(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f),
+	       vec3d(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f),
+	       vec3d(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f) );  
+
+  image result5 = generateImage(cam, t5);
+  exportImage("hw2-result5.ppm", result5);
+
+
+  // Image 6
+  std::cout << "Generating image 6." << std::endl;
+
+  triangle t6( vec3d(-1.0f, 2.0f, -1.0f),
+	       vec3d(0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f),
+	       vec3d(1.0f, 2.0f, -1.0f) );  
+
+  image result6 = generateImage(cam, t6);
+  exportImage("hw2-result6.ppm", result6);
+
+
+  // Done.
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/bin/HW3.cpp b/hw3/bin/HW3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dbb9e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/bin/HW3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <string>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "image.h"
+#include "scene.h"
+#include "imageIO.h"
+#include "sceneIO.h"
+
+image generateImage(const scene& s)
+{
+  image result(s.getCamera().width(), s.getCamera().height());
+
+  // for every pixel
+  for(image::size_type y=0; y < result.height(); y++)
+    for(image::size_type x=0; x < result.width(); x++)
+
+    // For debugging -- render a single delinquent pixel. 
+    // for (image::size_type y=41; y < 42; y++)
+      // for (image::size_type x=126; x < 127; x++)
+    {
+      // generate view ray
+      ray r = s.getCamera()(x,y);
+
+      // intersect scene
+      intersectionPoint ip = s.intersect(r);
+
+      // shade pixel
+      if(ip.isHit())
+      {
+	// for each light source
+	for(unsigned int l=0; l < s.numberOfLightsources(); l++)
+	{
+	  // connect to light source
+	  lightSample ls = s.getLightsource(l).intensityAt(ip.position());
+
+	  // shade
+	  result(x,y) += ip.shade(ls);
+	}
+      }
+      else result(x,y) = color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+
+
+  // Done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  // parse command line
+  if(argc < 2)
+  {
+    std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <scene.xml> [scene2.xml ...]" << std::endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // for each filename, import scene and render
+  unsigned int pos=1;
+  while(pos < argc)
+  {
+    // get filename
+    std::string filename = argv[pos++];
+
+    // import
+    std::cerr << " * Reading " << filename << std::endl;
+    scene s;
+    importScene(filename, s);
+
+    // render
+    std::cerr << " * Rendering... ";
+    auto startTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+
+    image result = generateImage(s);
+
+    auto endTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    std::chrono::duration<float> duration = endTime - startTime;
+    std::cerr << duration.count() << " seconds." << std::endl;
+
+    // save image
+    std::cerr << " * Writing result." << std::endl;
+    exportImage(getFilename(filename) + ".ppm", result);
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/bin/helloworld.cpp b/hw3/bin/helloworld.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4911d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/bin/helloworld.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cassert>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  ///////////////////////////
+  std::cout << "Hello World." << std::endl;
+  return(0);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/bin/image_compare.cpp b/hw3/bin/image_compare.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f1a798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/bin/image_compare.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "image.h"
+#include "imageIO.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  // parse command line
+  if(argc != 3)
+  {
+    std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <image A> <image B>" << std::endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  std::string nameA(argv[1]);
+  std::string nameB(argv[2]);
+
+  // get image extensions
+  std::string extA = getExtension(nameA);
+  std::string extB = getExtension(nameB);
+
+  // check if both images have the same extension
+  if(extA != extB) errorMessage(" => different image types (PPM vs PFM).");
+
+  // load images
+  image imgA, imgB;
+  importImage(nameA, imgA);
+  importImage(nameB, imgB);
+
+  // check if both have the same dimension
+  if(imgA.width() != imgB.width() || imgA.height() != imgB.height())
+    errorMessage(" => different images sizes (%dx%d) vs (%dx%d).", imgA.width(), imgA.height(), imgB.width(), imgB.height());
+
+  // compute the difference image
+  image diff(imgA.width(), imgA.height());
+  color avgDiff, maxDiff;
+  unsigned long diffCount = 0;
+
+  for(image::size_type y=0; y < diff.height(); y++)
+    for(image::size_type x=0; x < diff.width(); x++)
+    {
+      // per pixel difference 
+      color diffColor = imgA(x,y) - imgB(x,y);
+      diff(x,y) = (extA == "ppm") ? abs(diffColor) : diffColor;
+
+      // if different => update average and max (abs value)
+      diffColor.abs();
+      if(diffColor.r > EPSILON || diffColor.g > EPSILON || diffColor.b > EPSILON)
+      {
+	diffCount++;
+	avgDiff += diffColor;
+	maxDiff = color(std::max(maxDiff.r, diffColor.r), std::max(maxDiff.g, diffColor.g), std::max(maxDiff.b, diffColor.b));
+      }
+    }
+
+  // output results if different
+  if(extA == "ppm" && diffCount != 0)
+  {
+    avgDiff /= diffCount;
+    std::cout << " => There are " << diffCount << " pixels that differ." << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "    Average difference: " << avgDiff << " [base 256: " << (avgDiff * 256.0f) << "]" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "    Maximum difference: " << maxDiff << " [base 256: " << (maxDiff * 256.0f) << "]" << std::endl;
+
+    // write out difference image
+    exportImage("diff.ppm", diff);
+  }
+
+  else if(extA == "pfm" && diffCount != 0)
+  {
+    avgDiff /= diffCount;
+    std::cout << " => There are " << diffCount << " pixels that differ." << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "    Average difference: " << avgDiff << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "    Maximum difference: " << maxDiff << std::endl;
+
+    // write out difference image
+    exportImage("diff.pfm", diff);
+  }
+
+  // if equal, let the user know
+  else {
+    std::cout << " => Both images are equal.\r\n";
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene1.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee1a846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" />
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="triangle">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+    <triangle>
+      <vertex v="+1.0 -1.0 -2.0"/>
+      <vertex v="+0.0 +1.0 -2.0"/>
+      <vertex v="-1.0 -1.0 -2.0"/>
+    </triangle>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 1.0 -1.0" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene2.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be71e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" />
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <phong>
+      <albedo value="1.0 0.0 0.0"/>
+      <sharpness value="32.0"/>
+    </phong>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="triangle">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+    <triangle>
+      <vertex v="+1.0 -1.0 -2.0"/>
+      <vertex v="+0.0 +1.0 -2.0"/>
+      <vertex v="-1.0 -1.0 -2.0"/>
+    </triangle>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 0.2 -1.0" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene3.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efa843b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="sphere" filename="sphere.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 -1.0 0.0" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene4.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed765f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <phong>
+      <albedo value="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+      <sharpness value="25.0"/>
+    </phong>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="sphere" filename="sphere.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 -1.0 0.0" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene5.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa6d4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="1.0 0.0 0.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+    <phong>
+      <albedo value="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+      <sharpness value="32.0"/>
+    </phong>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="sphere" filename="sphere.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 -1.0 -0.5" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene6.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3df17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="0.0 1.0 0.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+    <phong>
+      <albedo value="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+      <sharpness value="64.0"/>
+    </phong>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="sphere" filename="sphere.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 0.0 1.0" power="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene7.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4183e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="0.0 0.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="sphere" filename="sphere.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 -1.0 0.0" power="1.0 0.0 0.0"/>
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 1.0 0.0" power="0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw3/data/HW3-scene8.xml b/hw3/data/HW3-scene8.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52c3ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/HW3-scene8.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<scene>
+
+  <camera eye="0.0 0.0 0.0" up="0.0 1.0 0.0" view="-1.0 -1.0 -1.0" fov="30.0" width="256" height="256" auto="true"/>
+
+  <material id="mat">
+    <diffuse>
+      <albedo value="1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
+    </diffuse>
+  </material>
+
+  <triangleMesh id="cube" filename="cube.obj">
+    <material ref="mat"/>
+  </triangleMesh>
+
+  <light type="directional" direction="-1.0 0.0 0.0" power="1.0 0.0 0.0"/>
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 -1.0 0.0" power="0.0 1.0 0.0"/>
+  <light type="directional" direction="0.0 0.0 -1.0" power="0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
+
+
+</scene>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hw3/data/cube.obj b/hw3/data/cube.obj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89afe94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/data/cube.obj
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
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+f  1//4  5//4  6//4 
+f  1//4  6//4  2//4 
+f  2//1  6//1  8//1 
+f  2//1  8//1  4//1
diff --git a/hw3/data/sphere.obj b/hw3/data/sphere.obj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dd7bde
--- /dev/null
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+f 225/273/220 257/262/257 233/267/232

+f 144/298/145 159/295/169 170/284/172

+f 159/295/169 171/285/192 203/278/196

+f 196/280/202 225/273/220 171/285/192

+f 196/280/202 222/274/224 238/268/236

+f 159/295/169 203/278/196 170/284/172

+f 171/285/192 225/273/220 203/278/196

+f 196/280/202 238/268/236 225/273/220

+f 112/313/112 129/306/130 144/298/145

+f 129/306/130 137/300/141 159/295/169

+f 137/300/141 168/293/158 171/285/192

+f 168/293/158 173/286/174 196/280/202

+f 173/286/174 200/279/198 222/274/224

+f 129/306/130 159/295/169 144/298/145

+f 137/300/141 171/285/192 159/295/169

+f 168/293/158 196/280/202 171/285/192

+f 173/286/174 222/274/224 196/280/202

+f 82/320/82 97/316/96 112/313/112

+f 97/316/96 105/311/107 129/306/130

+f 105/311/107 126/305/125 137/300/141

+f 141/299/138 168/293/158 126/305/125

+f 164/294/165 173/286/174 141/299/138

+f 164/294/165 176/287/181 200/279/198

+f 97/316/96 129/306/130 112/313/112

+f 105/311/107 137/300/141 129/306/130

+f 126/305/125 168/293/158 137/300/141

+f 141/299/138 173/286/174 168/293/158

+f 164/294/165 200/279/198 173/286/174

diff --git a/hw3/include/.directory b/hw3/include/.directory
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f009e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/.directory
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[Dolphin]
+Timestamp=2016,2,3,13,45,20
+Version=3
+ViewMode=1
diff --git a/hw3/include/boundedCompound.h b/hw3/include/boundedCompound.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab396f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/boundedCompound.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _BOUNDED_COMPOUND_H_
+#define _BOUNDED_COMPOUND_H_
+
+#include "intersector_base.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+
+class boundedCompound : public boundedPrimitive {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  boundedCompound(void);
+  boundedCompound(const transformation3d& transform, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader=nullptr);
+  boundedCompound(const boundedCompound&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  boundedCompound& operator=(const boundedCompound&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  void initialize(const class intersector_factory_base& ifb);
+
+  virtual bool hasShader(void) const override;
+
+  virtual intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const final override;
+
+  virtual const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& compounds(void) const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  void initializeBoundingBox(void);
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  transformation3d _transform;
+  std::unique_ptr<const intersector_base> _intersector;
+};
+
+#endif /* _BOUNDED_COMPOUND_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/boundedPrimitive.h b/hw3/include/boundedPrimitive.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef467a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/boundedPrimitive.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _BOUNDED_PRIMITIVE_H_
+#define _BOUNDED_PRIMITIVE_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "boundingBox.h"
+#include "intersectionPoint.h"
+
+class boundedPrimitive {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  boundedPrimitive(void);
+  boundedPrimitive(const boundingBox& bb, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader);
+  boundedPrimitive(const boundedPrimitive&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  boundedPrimitive& operator=(const boundedPrimitive& ) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  const boundingBox& boundingbox(void) const;
+  bool hitBoundingBox(const ray& r) const;
+  virtual bool hasShader(void) const;
+
+  virtual intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const = 0;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const boundedPrimitive& bp)
+  {
+    bp._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  boundingBox _bb;
+  std::shared_ptr<const shader_base> _shader;
+};
+
+#endif /* _BOUNDED_PRIMITIVE_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/boundedTriangle.h b/hw3/include/boundedTriangle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..965c0ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/boundedTriangle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _BOUNDEDTRIANGLE_H_ 
+#define _BOUNDEDTRIANGLE_H_ 
+
+#include "triangle.h"
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+
+class boundedTriangle : public boundedPrimitive {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  boundedTriangle(void);
+  boundedTriangle(const triangle& tri, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader);
+  boundedTriangle(const boundedTriangle&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  boundedTriangle& operator=(const boundedTriangle&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const final override;
+
+ private:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  triangle _triangle;
+};
+
+#endif /* _BOUNDEDTRIANGLE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/boundingBox.h b/hw3/include/boundingBox.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..522672e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/boundingBox.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _BOUNDINGBOX_H_
+#define _BOUNDINGBOX_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+class boundingBox {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  boundingBox(void);
+  boundingBox(const vec3d& lfb, const vec3d& rbt);
+  boundingBox(const boundingBox& bb);
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  boundingBox& operator=(const boundingBox& src);
+  
+  boundingBox& operator+=(const boundingBox& bb);
+  boundingBox& operator+=(const vec3d& point);
+
+  boundingBox operator+(const boundingBox& bb) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  bool isHit(const ray& r) const;
+
+  vec3d center(void) const;
+  vec3d corner(bool left, bool front, bool bottom) const;
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  boundingBox& transform(const transformation3d& t);
+  boundingBox& inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(boundingBox& a, boundingBox& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend boundingBox transform(const boundingBox& bb, const transformation3d& t) { return boundingBox(bb).transform(t); }
+  friend boundingBox inverseTransform(const boundingBox& bb, const transformation3d& t) { return boundingBox(bb).inverseTransform(t); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const boundingBox& bb)
+  {
+    s << bb._lfb << " - " << bb._rbt;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _swap(boundingBox& bb);
+  void _assign(const boundingBox& bb); 
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  vec3d _lfb, _rbt;
+};
+
+
+#endif /* _BOUNDINGBOX_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/brdf_base.h b/hw3/include/brdf_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0d8009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/brdf_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _BRDF_BASE_H_
+#define _BRDF_BASE_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "color.h"
+
+class brdf_base {
+ public:
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+
+  // Note: 'in' and 'out' point away from the surface point
+  // Note: 'in' and 'out' are specified in the local shading frame,
+  //       where the normal=(0.0, 0.0, 1.0).
+  virtual color shade(const vec3d& in, const vec3d& out) const = 0;
+
+  // returns true if BRDF has a specular/diffuse component
+  virtual bool isSpecular(void) const = 0;
+  virtual bool isDiffuse(void) const = 0;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const brdf_base& b)
+  {
+    b._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _BRDF_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/camera.h b/hw3/include/camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e3be04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _CAMERA_H_
+#define _CAMERA_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "boundingBox.h"
+
+/**************************************************************/
+/* Note: Field of View (fov) is expressed in degrees, and     */
+/* represents the angular spread in the horizontal direction. */
+/**************************************************************/
+class camera {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  camera(void);
+  camera(const vec3d& eye, const vec3d& viewDirection, const vec3d& up, float fov, size_t xres, size_t yres);
+  camera(const camera& cam);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  camera& operator=(const camera& cam);
+
+  ray operator()(float x, float y) const;
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  size_t width(void) const { return _width; }
+  size_t height(void) const { return _height; }
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  void frameBoundingBox(const boundingBox& bb);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(camera& a, camera& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const camera& cam)
+  {
+    s << "Camera: {";
+    s << "eye=" << cam._eye << ", ";
+    s << "view=" << cam._view << ", ";
+    s << "up=" << cam._up << "}, ";
+    s << "fov=" << cam._fov << ", ";
+    s << "resolution=[" << cam._width << "x" << cam._height << "]";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _swap(camera& cam);
+  void _assign(const camera& cam);
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  vec3d _eye, _view, _up;
+  float _fov;
+  size_t _width, _height;
+};
+
+#endif /* _CAMERA_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/color.h b/hw3/include/color.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2ca490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _COLOR_H_
+#define _COLOR_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+class color {
+ public:
+  /////////////
+  // Typedef //
+  /////////////
+  typedef float                 value_type;
+  typedef value_type&           reference;
+  typedef const value_type&     const_reference;
+  typedef value_type*           iterator;
+  typedef const value_type*     const_iterator;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  union {
+    struct { value_type r, g, b; };
+    struct { value_type red, green, blue; };
+    value_type data[3];
+  };
+
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  explicit color(const_reference value=0.0f);
+  color(const_reference r, const_reference g, const_reference b);
+  color(const color& col);
+ 
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  const_reference operator[](size_t index) const;
+  reference operator[](size_t index);
+
+  size_t size(void) const { return 3; }
+
+  iterator begin(void);
+  const_iterator begin(void) const;
+  iterator end(void);
+  const_iterator end(void) const;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  color& operator=(const color& col);
+
+  bool operator==(const color& col) const;
+  bool operator!=(const color& col) const;
+  
+  color operator+(const color& col) const;
+  color operator-(const color& col) const;
+  color operator*(const color& col) const;
+  color operator*(const_reference scale) const;
+  color operator/(const color& col) const;
+  color operator/(const_reference scale) const;
+
+  color& operator+=(const color& col);
+  color& operator-=(const color& col);
+  color& operator*=(const color& col);
+  color& operator*=(const_reference scale);
+  color& operator/=(const color& col);
+  color& operator/=(const_reference scale);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Modifiers //
+  ///////////////
+  color& abs(void);
+  color& clamp(const_reference lowerBound=0.0f, const_reference upperBounds=1.0f);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void  swap(color& a, color& b) { return a._swap(b); }
+  friend color abs(const color& c) { return color(c).abs(); }
+  friend color clamp(const color& c, const_reference lowerBound=0.0f, const_reference upperBound=1.0f) { return color(c).clamp(lowerBound, upperBound); }
+  friend color operator*(const_reference scale, const color& col) { return (col*scale); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const color& col)
+  {
+    s << "(" << col.r << "," << col.g << "," << col.b << ")";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const color& col);
+  void _swap(color& col);
+};
+
+#endif /* _COLOR_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/compoundShader.h b/hw3/include/compoundShader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293e7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/compoundShader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _COMPOUND_SHADER_H_
+#define _COMPOUND_SHADER_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "shader_base.h"
+
+class compoundShader : public shader_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  compoundShader(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>>& shader_list);
+  compoundShader(const compoundShader&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  compoundShader& operator=(const compoundShader&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const override;
+
+  virtual shaderProperties properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const override;
+
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+ private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>> _compound;
+};
+
+#endif /* _COMPOUND_SHADER_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/constants.h b/hw3/include/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa1c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _CONSTANTS_H_
+#define _CONSTANTS_H_
+
+static const float EPSILON = 10e-6;
+static const float LARGE   = 10e10;
+static const float PI      = 3.14159265359;
+
+#endif /* _CONSTANTS_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/coordinateTransform.h b/hw3/include/coordinateTransform.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008cba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/coordinateTransform.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _COORDINATETRANSFORMATION3D_H_
+#define _COORDINATETRANSFORMATION3D_H_
+
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Transformation between coordinate systems //
+// forward transform: from local to global   //
+// inverse transform: from global to local   //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////
+class coordinateTransformation : public transformation3d {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  coordinateTransformation(void);
+  coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& normal);
+  coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& normal, const vec3d& other);
+  coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& X, const vec3d& Y, const vec3d& Z);
+};
+
+#endif /* _COORDINATETRANSFORMATION3D_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/diffuseBrdf.h b/hw3/include/diffuseBrdf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4ab19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/diffuseBrdf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _DIFFUSEBRDF_H_
+#define _DIFFUSEBRDF_H_
+
+#include "brdf_base.h"
+
+class diffuseBrdf : public brdf_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  diffuseBrdf(const color& albedo);
+  diffuseBrdf(const diffuseBrdf& src);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  diffuseBrdf& operator=(const diffuseBrdf& src);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const vec3d& in, const vec3d& out) const final override;
+
+  virtual bool isSpecular(void) const final override;
+  virtual bool isDiffuse(void) const final override;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(diffuseBrdf& a, diffuseBrdf& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const diffuseBrdf& b)
+  {
+    b._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const diffuseBrdf& src);
+  void _swap(diffuseBrdf& src);
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  color _albedo;
+};
+
+#endif /* _DIFFUSEBRDF_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/diffuseReflectanceShader.h b/hw3/include/diffuseReflectanceShader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bee9d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/diffuseReflectanceShader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _DIFFUSEREFLECTANCESHADER_H_
+#define _DIFFUSEREFLECTANCESHADER_H_
+
+#include "diffuseBrdf.h"
+#include "reflectanceParameter.h"
+#include "reflectanceShader_base.h"
+
+class diffuseReflectanceShader : public reflectanceShader_base {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  diffuseReflectanceShader(const colorReflectanceParameter& albedo=colorReflectanceParameter(color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  diffuseReflectanceShader(const diffuseReflectanceShader& ) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  diffuseReflectanceShader& operator=(const diffuseReflectanceShader&) = delete;
+
+protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> make_brdf(const vec2d& textureCoord) const override;
+
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  colorReflectanceParameter _albedo;
+};
+
+#endif /* _DIFFUSEREFLECTANCESHADER_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/directionalLightsource.h b/hw3/include/directionalLightsource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b33dfaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/directionalLightsource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _DIRECTIONALLIGHTSOURCE_H_
+#define _DIRECTIONALLIGHTSOURCE_H_
+
+#include "lightsource_base.h"
+
+class directionalLightsource : public lightsource_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  directionalLightsource(const vec3d& direction=vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), const color& power=color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
+  directionalLightsource(const directionalLightsource&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  directionalLightsource& operator=(const directionalLightsource&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual lightSample intensityAt(const vec3d& point) const override;  
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const directionalLightsource& d)
+  {
+    d._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+ private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  vec3d _direction;
+  color _power;
+};
+
+#endif /* _DIRECTIONALLIGHTSOURCE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/errorMessage.h b/hw3/include/errorMessage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ec99d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/errorMessage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _ERROR_MESSAGE_H_
+#define _ERROR_MESSAGE_H_
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+
+void errorMessage(const char* msg, ...);
+void warningMessage(const char* msg, ...);
+
+#endif /* _ERROR_MESSAGE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/image.h b/hw3/include/image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938e6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _IMAGE_H_
+#define _IMAGE_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "color.h"
+
+class image {
+ public:
+  //////////////
+  // Typedefs //
+  //////////////
+  typedef color                                         value_type;
+  typedef value_type&                                   reference;
+  typedef const value_type&                             const_reference;
+  typedef std::unique_ptr<value_type[]>::pointer        iterator;
+  typedef std::unique_ptr<const value_type[]>::pointer  const_iterator;
+  typedef size_t                                        difference_type;
+  typedef size_t                                        size_type;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  image(size_type width=0, size_type height=0);
+  image(size_type width, size_type height, const_reference col);
+  image(const image& src);
+  image(image&& src);
+
+  virtual ~image(void) { _data.reset(); }
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  iterator begin(void);
+  const_iterator begin(void) const;
+  
+  iterator end(void);
+  const_iterator end(void) const;
+
+  size_type size(void) const   { return width()*height(); }
+  size_type width(void) const  { return _width; }
+  size_type height(void) const { return _height; }
+
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  image& operator=(const image& src);
+  image& operator=(image&& src);
+
+  reference operator()(size_type x, size_type y);
+  const_reference operator()(size_type x, size_type y) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(image& a, image& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const image& img)
+  {
+    s << "Image: (" << img.width() << ", " << img.height() << ")";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+protected:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _swap(image& img);
+  void _assign(const image& src);
+
+private:
+  //////////////////////////
+  // Private Data Members //
+  //////////////////////////
+  size_type _width, _height;
+  std::unique_ptr<value_type[]> _data;
+};
+
+#endif /* _IMAGE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/imageIO.h b/hw3/include/imageIO.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e1ecfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/imageIO.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _IMAGEIO_H_
+#define _IMAGEIO_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include "image.h"
+
+void importImage(const std::string& name, image& img);
+void exportImage(const std::string& name, const image& img);
+
+#endif /* _IMAGEIO_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/imageIO.pfm.h b/hw3/include/imageIO.pfm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d09531a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/imageIO.pfm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _IMAGEIO_PFM_H_
+#define _IMAGEIO_PFM_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include "image.h"
+
+void importPFM(const std::string& name, image& img);
+void exportPFM(const std::string& name, const image& img);
+
+#endif /* _IMAGEIO_PFM_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/imageIO.ppm.h b/hw3/include/imageIO.ppm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a8db42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/imageIO.ppm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _IMAGEIO_PPM_H_
+#define _IMAGEIO_PPM_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include "image.h"
+
+void importPPM(const std::string& name, image& img);
+void exportPPM(const std::string& name, const image& img);
+
+#endif /* _IMAGEIO_PPM_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/importOBJ.h b/hw3/include/importOBJ.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..056a420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/importOBJ.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _IMPORTOBJ_H_
+#define _IMPORTOBJ_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "triangle.h"
+
+void importOBJ(const std::string filename, std::vector<triangle>& triangle_list);
+
+#endif /* _IMPORTOBJ_H_ */ 
diff --git a/hw3/include/intersectionPoint.h b/hw3/include/intersectionPoint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4d8888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/intersectionPoint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _INTERSECTIONPOINT_H_
+#define _INTERSECTIONPOINT_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "lightSample.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+#include "shaderProperties.h"
+#include "coordinateTransform.h"
+
+
+class intersectionPoint 
+{
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  intersectionPoint(void);
+  intersectionPoint(const ray& r, float rayParameter=+LARGE, const std::shared_ptr<const class shader_base>& shader=nullptr, const vec3d& normal=vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), const vec3d& U=vec3d(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), const vec2d& textureCoordinate=vec2d(0.0f, 0.0f));
+  intersectionPoint(const intersectionPoint& ip);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  intersectionPoint& operator=(const intersectionPoint& ip);
+
+  bool operator<(const intersectionPoint& ip) const;
+  bool operator>(const intersectionPoint& ip) const;
+  bool operator<(const lightSample& ls) const;
+  bool operator>(const lightSample& ls) const;
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  bool isHit(void) const;
+  bool hasShader(void) const;
+  shaderProperties getShaderProperties(void) const;
+  float distance(const intersectionPoint& ip) const;
+  const vec3d& position(void) const;
+  const vec3d& direction(void) const;
+  const vec2d& textureCoordinate(void) const;
+  const vec3d& normal(void) const;
+  coordinateTransformation shadingFrame(void) const;
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  void transform(const transformation3d& t);
+  void inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  void transformShadingFrame(const transformation3d& sft);
+  void inverseTransformShadingFrame(const transformation3d& sft);
+
+  void setShader(const std::shared_ptr<const class shader_base>& shader);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  color shade(const vec3d& out) const;
+  color shade(const lightSample& ls) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(intersectionPoint& a, intersectionPoint& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend bool operator<(const lightSample& ls, const intersectionPoint& ip) { return (ip > ls); }
+  friend bool operator>(const lightSample& ls, const intersectionPoint& ip) { return (ip < ls); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const intersectionPoint& ip)
+  {
+    if(ip._hit) s << "IntersectionPoint: ray=" << ip._ray << ", position=" << ip._position << " (parameter=" << ip._rayParameter << ", normal=" << ip._normal << ", shading axis=" << ip._U << ", texture coordinate=" << ip._textureCoordinate;
+    else s << "IntersectionPoint: empty";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const intersectionPoint& ip);
+  void _swap(intersectionPoint& ip);
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  ray _ray;
+  bool _hit;
+  float _rayParameter;
+  vec3d _position;
+  vec3d _normal, _U;
+  vec2d _textureCoordinate;
+  std::shared_ptr<const class shader_base> _shader;
+};
+
+#endif /* _INTERSECTIONPOINT_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/intersector_base.h b/hw3/include/intersector_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64fb05e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/intersector_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _INTERSECTOR_BASE_H_
+#define _INTERSECTOR_BASE_H_
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "intersectionPoint.h"
+
+class intersector_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  intersector_base(void) {}
+  intersector_base(const intersector_base&) = delete;
+  
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  intersector_base& operator=(const intersector_base&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _INTERSECTOR_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/intersector_factory_base.h b/hw3/include/intersector_factory_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6e9e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/intersector_factory_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _INTERSECTOR_FACTORY_BASE_H_
+#define _INTERSECTOR_FACTORY_BASE_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "boundedCompound.h"
+#include "intersector_base.h"
+
+class intersector_factory_base {
+public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  intersector_factory_base(void) {}
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const intersector_base> operator()(const boundedCompound& bc) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _INTERSECTOR_FACTORY_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/interval.h b/hw3/include/interval.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb720a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/interval.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _INTERVAL_H_
+#define _INTERVAL_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "constants.h"
+
+class interval
+{
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constrructor //
+  //////////////////
+  interval(float lower=-LARGE, float upper=+LARGE);
+  interval(const interval& i);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  interval& operator=(const interval& i);
+
+  interval operator+(float v) const;
+  interval operator-(float v) const;
+  interval operator*(float v) const;
+  interval operator/(float v) const;
+    
+  interval& operator+=(float v);
+  interval& operator-=(float v);
+  interval& operator*=(float v);
+  interval& operator/=(float v);
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  float lower(void) const;
+  float upper(void) const;
+
+  bool empty(void) const;
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  void intersect(const interval& i);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(interval& a, interval& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const interval& i)
+  {
+    s << "[" << i.lower() << ", " << i.upper() << "]";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const interval& i);
+  void _swap(interval& i);
+
+  //////////////////////////
+  // Private Data Members //
+  //////////////////////////
+  float _lower, _upper;
+};
+
+#endif /* _INTERVAL_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/lightSample.h b/hw3/include/lightSample.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dd76b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/lightSample.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _LIGHTSAMPLE_H_
+#define _LIGHTSAMPLE_H_
+
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+
+class lightSample {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  lightSample(const vec3d& direction=vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
+	      const color& emittance=color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
+	      float distance=+LARGE,
+	      float pdf=1.0f,
+	      float foreshortening=1.0f);
+
+  lightSample(const lightSample& ls);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  lightSample& operator=(const lightSample& ls);
+
+  const color& operator()(void) const;
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  const vec3d& directionToPoint(void) const;
+  vec3d directionToLight(void) const;
+  
+  const color& emittance(void) const;
+  float distance(void) const;
+
+  float pdf(void) const;
+  float foreshortening(void) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(lightSample& a, lightSample& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const lightSample& ls)
+  {
+    s << "LightSample: direction=" << ls.directionToPoint() << ", emittance=" << ls() << ", distance=" << ls.distance() << ", pdf=" << ls.pdf() << ", foreshortening=" << ls.foreshortening();
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const lightSample& ls);
+  void _swap(lightSample& ls);
+  
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  vec3d _direction;
+  color _emittance;
+  float _distance;
+  float _pdf;
+  float _foreshortening;
+};
+
+#endif /* _LIGHTSAMPLE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/lightsource_base.h b/hw3/include/lightsource_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a2f0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/lightsource_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _LIGHTSOURCE_BASE_H_
+#define _LIGHTSOURCE_BASE_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "lightSample.h"
+
+class lightsource_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  lightsource_base(void) {}
+  lightsource_base(const lightsource_base&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  lightsource_base& operator=(const lightsource_base&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual lightSample intensityAt(const vec3d& point) const = 0;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const lightsource_base& lsb)
+  {
+    lsb._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _LIGHTSOURCE_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/linear_intersector.h b/hw3/include/linear_intersector.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..221e5fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/linear_intersector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _LINEAR_INTERSECTOR_H_
+#define _LINEAR_INTERSECTOR_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+#include "intersector_base.h"
+#include "intersector_factory_base.h"
+
+class linear_intersector : public intersector_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  linear_intersector(void);
+  linear_intersector(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& compounds);
+  linear_intersector(const linear_intersector&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  linear_intersector& operator=(const linear_intersector&) = delete;
+  
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const final override;
+  
+ private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>> _compounds;
+};
+
+
+class linear_intersector_factory : public intersector_factory_base {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  linear_intersector_factory(void) {}
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  std::unique_ptr<const intersector_base> operator()(const boundedCompound& boundedCompound) const final override
+  { 
+    return std::unique_ptr<const intersector_base>(new linear_intersector(boundedCompound.compounds())); 
+  }
+};
+
+#endif /* _LINEAR_INTERSECTOR_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/mat3d.h b/hw3/include/mat3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e70ece4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/mat3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _MAT3D_H_
+#define _MAT3D_H_
+
+#include <array>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "vec3d.h"
+
+class mat3d {
+ public:
+  /////////////
+  // Typedef //
+  /////////////
+  typedef float                                      value_type;
+  typedef value_type&                                reference;
+  typedef const value_type&                          const_reference;
+  typedef std::array<value_type,9>::iterator         iterator;
+  typedef std::array<value_type,9>::const_iterator   const_iterator;
+  typedef std::size_t                                difference;
+  typedef std::size_t                                size_type;
+
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  mat3d(void);                                              // all elements are set to 0
+  explicit mat3d(value_type diag);                          // all elements are set to 0, the diagonal elements are set to 'diag'
+  mat3d(const vec3d& X, const vec3d& Y, const vec3d& Z);    // set columns to X, Y, and Z
+  mat3d(const mat3d& m);                                    // copy constructor
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  static size_type width(void)  { return 3; }
+  static size_type height(void) { return 3; }
+  static size_type size(void)   { return 9; }
+
+  iterator begin(void);
+  const_iterator begin(void) const;
+  iterator end(void);
+  const_iterator end(void) const;
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  void clear(value_type value=0.0f);
+  void setDiagonal(value_type value=1.0f);
+
+  mat3d& transpose(void);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  mat3d& operator=(const mat3d& m);
+
+  reference operator()(size_type row, size_type col);
+  const_reference operator()(size_type row, size_type col) const;
+
+  mat3d operator+(const mat3d& m) const;
+  mat3d operator-(const mat3d& m) const;
+  mat3d operator*(const mat3d& m) const;
+  vec3d operator*(const vec3d& v) const;
+  mat3d operator*(value_type scale) const;
+  mat3d operator/(value_type scale) const;
+
+  mat3d& operator+=(const mat3d& m);
+  mat3d& operator-=(const mat3d& m);
+  mat3d& operator*=(const mat3d& m);
+  mat3d& operator*=(value_type scale);
+  mat3d& operator/=(value_type scale);
+  
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(mat3d& a, mat3d& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend vec3d operator*(const vec3d& v, const mat3d& m)   { return m._premultiply(v); }
+  friend mat3d operator*(value_type scale, const mat3d& m) { return (m * scale); }
+
+  friend mat3d transpose(mat3d& m) { mat3d n(m); return n.transpose(); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const mat3d& m)
+  {
+    s << "[[" << m(0,0) << ", " << m(0,1) << ", " << m(0,2) << "],[";
+    s         << m(1,0) << ", " << m(1,1) << ", " << m(1,2) << "],[";
+    s         << m(2,0) << ", " << m(2,1) << ", " << m(2,2) << "]]";
+    return s;
+  }
+  
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _swap(mat3d& m);
+  void _assign(const mat3d& m);
+
+  vec3d _premultiply(const vec3d& v) const;
+
+  //////////////////////////
+  // Private Data Members //
+  //////////////////////////
+  std::array<value_type, 9> _data;
+};
+
+#endif /* _MAT3D_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/phongBrdf.h b/hw3/include/phongBrdf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..588efa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/phongBrdf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _PHONGBRDF_H_
+#define _PHONGBRDF_H_
+
+#include "brdf_base.h"
+
+class phongBrdf : public brdf_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  phongBrdf(const color& albedo, float sharpness);
+  phongBrdf(const phongBrdf& src);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  phongBrdf& operator=(const phongBrdf& src);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const vec3d& in, const vec3d& out) const override;
+
+  virtual bool isSpecular(void) const final override;
+  virtual bool isDiffuse(void) const final override;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(phongBrdf& a, phongBrdf& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const phongBrdf& b)
+  {
+    b._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const phongBrdf& src);
+  void _swap(phongBrdf& src);
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  color _albedo;
+  float _sharpness;
+};
+
+#endif /* _PHONGBRDF_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/phongReflectanceShader.h b/hw3/include/phongReflectanceShader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13291f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/phongReflectanceShader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _PHONGREFLECTANCESHADER_H_
+#define _PHONGREFLECTANCESHADER_H_
+
+#include "phongBrdf.h"
+#include "reflectanceParameter.h"
+#include "reflectanceShader_base.h"
+
+class phongReflectanceShader : public reflectanceShader_base {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  phongReflectanceShader(const colorReflectanceParameter& albedo=colorReflectanceParameter(color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)), const scalarReflectanceParameter& sharpness=20.0f);
+  phongReflectanceShader(const phongReflectanceShader& ) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  phongReflectanceShader& operator=(const phongReflectanceShader&) = delete;
+
+protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> make_brdf(const vec2d& textureCoord) const override;
+
+private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  colorReflectanceParameter _albedo;
+  scalarReflectanceParameter _sharpness;
+};
+
+#endif /* _PHONGREFLECTANCESHADER_H_ */
+
diff --git a/hw3/include/random_number.h b/hw3/include/random_number.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..328de25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/random_number.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _RANDOM_NUMBER_H_
+#define _RANDOM_NUMBER_H_
+
+#include <random>
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "coordinateTransform.h"
+
+static std::random_device rd;
+static std::mt19937 rnd;
+
+static unsigned int random_int(unsigned int up=std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
+{
+  std::uniform_int_distribution<unsigned int> dist(0, up);
+  return dist(rnd);
+}
+
+
+static float random_float(float up=1.0f)
+{
+  std::uniform_real_distribution<float> dist(0, up);
+  return dist(rnd);
+}
+
+
+static vec3d random_direction(const vec3d& normal, float r1=random_float(), float r2=random_float())
+{
+  // generate in standard coordinate system (i.e., Z=(0,0,1))
+  vec3d out(cos(2.0f*PI*r1) * sqrt(std::max(1.0f-r2*r2, 0.0f)),
+	    sin(2.0f*PI*r1) * sqrt(std::max(1.0f-r2*r2, 0.0f)),
+	    r2);
+
+  // transform to global coordinates
+  coordinateTransformation trans(normal);
+  out = trans.transformDirection(out);
+
+  // Done (PDF = 1/(2.0f*PI))
+  return out;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* _RANDOM_NUMBER_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/ray.h b/hw3/include/ray.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..743375f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/ray.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _RAY_H_
+#define _RAY_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+class ray {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  ray(const vec3d& origin = vec3d(), const vec3d& direction = vec3d());
+  ray(const ray& src);
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  const vec3d& origin(void) const    { return _origin; }
+  const vec3d& direction(void) const { return _direction; }
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  ray& operator=(const ray& r);
+  vec3d operator()(float t) const;
+  float operator()(const vec3d& point) const;
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  ray& transform(const transformation3d& t);
+  ray& inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(ray& a, ray& b)  { a._swap(b); }
+  friend ray transform(const ray& r, const transformation3d& t) { return ray(r).transform(t); }
+  friend ray inverseTransform(const ray& r, const transformation3d& t) { return ray(r).inverseTransform(t); }
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const ray& r)
+  {
+    s << r.origin() << "->" << r.direction();
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _swap(ray& r);
+  void _assign(const ray& r);
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  vec3d _origin;
+  vec3d _direction;
+};
+
+#endif /* _RAY_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/reflectanceParameter.h b/hw3/include/reflectanceParameter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c924653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/reflectanceParameter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _REFLECTANCEPARAMETER_H_
+#define _REFLECTANCEPARAMETER_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "texture_base.h"
+
+class scalarReflectanceParameter {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  scalarReflectanceParameter(float value=0.0f);
+  scalarReflectanceParameter(const std::shared_ptr<const texture_base>& texture, unsigned int channel=0);
+  scalarReflectanceParameter(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src);
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  scalarReflectanceParameter& operator=(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src);
+
+  float operator()(const vec2d& textureCoord) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(scalarReflectanceParameter& a, scalarReflectanceParameter& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const scalarReflectanceParameter& param)
+  {
+    if(param._texture) s << param._texture << "(channel=" << param._channel << ")";
+    else s << param._value;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src);
+  void _swap(scalarReflectanceParameter& swp);
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  float _value;
+  unsigned int _channel;
+  std::shared_ptr<const texture_base> _texture;
+};
+
+
+class colorReflectanceParameter {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  colorReflectanceParameter(color value=color(0.0f));
+  colorReflectanceParameter(const std::shared_ptr<const texture_base>& texture);
+  colorReflectanceParameter(const colorReflectanceParameter& src);
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  colorReflectanceParameter& operator=(const colorReflectanceParameter& src);
+
+  color operator()(const vec2d& textureCoord) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(colorReflectanceParameter& a, colorReflectanceParameter& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const colorReflectanceParameter& param)
+  {
+    if(param._texture) s << param._texture;
+    else s << param._value;
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const colorReflectanceParameter& src);
+  void _swap(colorReflectanceParameter& swp);
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  color _value;
+  std::shared_ptr<const texture_base> _texture;
+};
+
+#endif /* _REFLECTANCEPARAMETER_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/reflectanceShader_base.h b/hw3/include/reflectanceShader_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad91137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/reflectanceShader_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _REFLECTANCESHADER_BASE_H_
+#define _REFLECTANCESHADER_BASE_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "brdf_base.h"
+#include "shader_base.h"
+
+class reflectanceShader_base : public shader_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  reflectanceShader_base(void) {}
+  reflectanceShader_base(const reflectanceShader_base&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  reflectanceShader_base& operator=(const reflectanceShader_base&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const final override;
+
+  virtual shaderProperties properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const final override;
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const = 0;
+
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> make_brdf(const vec2d& textureCoord) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _REFLECTANCE_SHADER_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/scene.h b/hw3/include/scene.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee3e416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/scene.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENE_H_
+#define _SCENE_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "image.h"
+#include "camera.h"
+#include "boundedCompound.h"
+#include "lightsource_base.h"
+#include "intersectionPoint.h"
+
+class scene {
+  friend void importScene(const std::string&, scene&);
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  scene(void) {}
+  scene(const scene&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  camera& operator=(const camera&) = delete;
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  const camera& getCamera(void) const;
+
+  const lightsource_base& getLightsource(size_t idx) const;
+  size_t numberOfLightsources(void) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  intersectionPoint intersect(const ray& r) const;
+
+ private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  camera _camera;
+  std::unique_ptr<const boundedCompound> _sceneGraphRoot;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base>> _lightsources;
+};
+
+#endif /* _SCENE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneGraphNode.h b/hw3/include/sceneGraphNode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e7de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneGraphNode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEGRAPHNODE_H_
+#define _SCENEGRAPHNODE_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "boundedCompound.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+class sceneGraphNode : public boundedCompound {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  sceneGraphNode(void);
+  sceneGraphNode(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& nodes, const transformation3d& transform=transformation3d(), const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader=nullptr);
+  sceneGraphNode(const sceneGraphNode&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  sceneGraphNode& operator=(sceneGraphNode&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& compounds(void) const final override;
+
+ private:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>> _nodes;
+};
+
+#endif /* _SCENEGRAPHNODE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59fc6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENE_IO_H_
+#define _SCENE_IO_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include "scene.h"
+
+void importScene(const std::string& filename, scene& s);
+
+#endif /* _SCENE_IO_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_basis.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_basis.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f67172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_basis.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_BASIS_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_BASIS_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "camera.h"
+#include "intersector_factory_base.h"
+
+bool importCamera(const XMLNode& node, camera& cam);
+void importIntersector(const XMLNode& node, std::unique_ptr<const intersector_factory_base>& intersector);
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_BASIS_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3807c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_CACHE_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_CACHE_H_
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+template<typename T>
+class nodeCache {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  nodeCache(void) {}
+  nodeCache(const nodeCache<T>&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  nodeCache& operator=(const nodeCache& ) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  std::shared_ptr<T> get(const std::string& name) const;
+  bool add(const std::string& name, const std::shared_ptr<T>& node);
+
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> unusedNodes(unsigned int maxCount=1) const;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> allNodes(void) const;
+
+ private:
+  //////////////////////////
+  // Private Data Members //
+  //////////////////////////
+  std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<T>> _cache;
+};
+
+////////////////////
+// Inline Methods //
+////////////////////
+#include "sceneIO_cache.inline.h"
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_CACHE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.inline.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.inline.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27d9cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_cache.inline.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#if defined(_SCENEIO_CACHE_H_) && !defined(_SCENEIO_CACHE_INLINE_H_)
+#define _SCENEIO_CACHE_INLINE_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+template<typename T>
+std::shared_ptr<T> nodeCache<T>::get(const std::string& name) const
+{
+  // see if node exists
+  auto ref_node = _cache.find(name);
+
+  // return nullptr if not.
+  if(ref_node == _cache.end()) return nullptr;
+
+  // return node.
+  else return ref_node->second;
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+bool nodeCache<T>::add(const std::string& name, const std::shared_ptr<T>& node)
+{
+  _cache[name] = node;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> nodeCache<T>::unusedNodes(unsigned int maxCount) const
+{
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> result;
+
+  // check each node if unique
+  for(auto itr=_cache.begin(); itr != _cache.end(); itr++)
+    if(itr->second.use_count() <= maxCount)
+      result.push_back(itr->second);
+
+  // done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> nodeCache<T>::allNodes(void) const
+{
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<T>> result;
+
+  // check each node if unique
+  for(auto itr=_cache.begin(); itr != _cache.end(); itr++)
+      result.push_back(itr->second);
+
+  // done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_CACHE_INLINE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_core.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aa726a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_CORE_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_CORE_H_
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+
+color getColor(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const color& default_value=color());
+vec3d getVec3d(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const vec3d& default_value=vec3d());
+vec2d getVec2d(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const vec2d& default_value=vec2d());
+std::string getString(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const std::string& default_value=std::string(""));
+float getFloat(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, float default_value=0.0f);
+unsigned int getInteger(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, unsigned int default_value=0);
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_CORE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_geometry.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_geometry.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc4d80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_geometry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_GEOMETRY_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_GEOMETRY_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "texture_base.h"
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+
+std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive> importGeometry(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<boundedPrimitive>& shape_cache, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir);
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_GEOMETRY_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_light.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_light.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2745a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_light.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_LIGHT_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_LIGHT_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "texture_base.h"
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+
+#include "lightsource_base.h"
+
+std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base> importLight(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<boundedPrimitive>& shape_cache, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir);
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_LIGHT_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_material.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_material.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c0852b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_material.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_MATERIAL_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_MATERIAL_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "texture_base.h"
+
+std::shared_ptr<shader_base> importMaterial(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir);
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_MATERIAL_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/sceneIO_xml.h b/hw3/include/sceneIO_xml.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5df35a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/sceneIO_xml.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SCENEIO_XML_H_
+#define _SCENEIO_XML_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include "tinyxml2.h"
+
+class XMLNode {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  XMLNode(const std::string& filename);
+  XMLNode(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* element, const std::shared_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument>& xml);
+  XMLNode(const XMLNode& node);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  XMLNode firstChild(void) const;
+  XMLNode findChild(const std::string& name) const;
+
+  bool isValid(void) const;
+  std::string name(void) const;
+  std::string attribute(const std::string& attribute) const;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  XMLNode& operator++(void);
+  XMLNode& operator++(int);
+  XMLNode& operator=(const XMLNode& src);
+
+ protected:
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  const tinyxml2::XMLElement* _element;
+  std::shared_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument> _xml;
+};
+
+
+#endif /* _SCENEIO_XML_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/shaderProperties.h b/hw3/include/shaderProperties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..859aaac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/shaderProperties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SHADERPROPERTIES_H_
+#define _SHADERPROPERTIES_H_
+
+class shaderProperties {
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  shaderProperties(bool diff=true, bool spec=true) : diffuse(diff), specular(spec) {}
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  bool operator==(const shaderProperties& sp) const;
+  bool operator!=(const shaderProperties& sp) const;
+
+  shaderProperties& operator&=(const shaderProperties& sp);
+  shaderProperties& operator|=(const shaderProperties& sp);
+  shaderProperties& operator~(void);
+
+  shaderProperties operator&(const shaderProperties& sp) const;
+  shaderProperties operator|(const shaderProperties& sp) const;
+
+  /////////////////////////
+  // Public data members //
+  /////////////////////////
+  bool diffuse, specular;
+};
+
+#endif /* _SHADERPROPERTIES_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/shader_base.h b/hw3/include/shader_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b96cc33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/shader_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SHADER_BASE_H_
+#define _SHADER_BASE_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "shaderProperties.h"
+#include "intersectionPoint.h"
+
+
+class shader_base 
+{
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  shader_base(void) {}
+  shader_base(const shader_base&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  shader_base& operator=(const shader_base&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const = 0;
+
+  virtual shaderProperties properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const = 0;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const shader_base& shader)
+  {
+    shader._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif /* _SHADER_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/shadingFrameTransformation.h b/hw3/include/shadingFrameTransformation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d8bd34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/shadingFrameTransformation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _SHADINGFRAMETRANSFORMATION_H_
+#define _SHADINGFRAMETRANSFORMATION_H_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+class shadingFrameTransformation : public shader_base {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  shadingFrameTransformation(const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader);
+  shadingFrameTransformation(const shadingFrameTransformation&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  shadingFrameTransformation& operator=(const shadingFrameTransformation&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual color shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const final override;
+
+  virtual color reflectance(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir, const shaderProperties& properties=shaderProperties()) const final override;
+  virtual brdfSample sample(const intersectionPoint& ip, float r1, float r2, const shaderProperties& properties=shaderProperties()) const final override;
+  virtual float reflectivity(const intersectionPoint& ip, const shaderProperties& properties=shaderProperties()) const final override;
+  virtual color emittance(const intersectionPoint& ip) const final override;
+
+  virtual shaderProperties properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const final override;
+
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual transformation3d _transformation(const vec2d& textureCoord) const = 0;
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const = 0;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::shared_ptr<const shader_base> _shader;
+};
+
+#endif /* _SHADINGFRAMETRANSFORMATION_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/texture_base.h b/hw3/include/texture_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..919ab53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/texture_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _TEXTURE_BASE_H_
+#define _TEXTURE_BASE_H_
+
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "image.h"
+
+class texture_base : public image {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  texture_base(bool repeat=true);
+  texture_base(const texture_base& src);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  texture_base& operator=(const texture_base& src);
+
+  virtual image::value_type operator()(const vec2d& textureCoord) const = 0;
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  bool repeatEdge(void) const { return _repeat; }
+  bool wrapEdge(void) const { return !_repeat; }
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(texture_base& a, texture_base& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const texture_base& t)
+  {
+    t._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  virtual void _assign(const texture_base& src);
+  color& _at(signed int x, signed int y);
+  const color& _at(signed int x, signed int y) const;
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const=0;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  bool _repeat;
+};
+
+#endif /* _TEXTURE_BASE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/tinyxml2.h b/hw3/include/tinyxml2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb7464a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/tinyxml2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2102 @@
+/*

+Original code by Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)

+

+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied

+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any

+damages arising from the use of this software.

+

+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any

+purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and

+redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

+

+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must

+not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this

+software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation

+would be appreciated but is not required.

+

+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and

+must not be misrepresented as being the original software.

+

+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source

+distribution.

+*/

+

+#ifndef TINYXML2_INCLUDED

+#define TINYXML2_INCLUDED

+

+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)

+#   include <ctype.h>

+#   include <limits.h>

+#   include <stdio.h>

+#   include <stdlib.h>

+#   include <string.h>

+#else

+#   include <cctype>

+#   include <climits>

+#   include <cstdio>

+#   include <cstdlib>

+#   include <cstring>

+#endif

+

+/*

+   TODO: intern strings instead of allocation.

+*/

+/*

+	gcc:

+        g++ -Wall -DDEBUG tinyxml2.cpp xmltest.cpp -o gccxmltest.exe

+

+    Formatting, Artistic Style:

+        AStyle.exe --style=1tbs --indent-switches --break-closing-brackets --indent-preprocessor tinyxml2.cpp tinyxml2.h

+*/

+

+#if defined( _DEBUG ) || defined( DEBUG ) || defined (__DEBUG__)

+#   ifndef DEBUG

+#       define DEBUG

+#   endif

+#endif

+

+#ifdef _MSC_VER

+#   pragma warning(push)

+#   pragma warning(disable: 4251)

+#endif

+

+#ifdef _WIN32

+#   ifdef TINYXML2_EXPORT

+#       define TINYXML2_LIB __declspec(dllexport)

+#   elif defined(TINYXML2_IMPORT)

+#       define TINYXML2_LIB __declspec(dllimport)

+#   else

+#       define TINYXML2_LIB

+#   endif

+#else

+#   define TINYXML2_LIB

+#endif

+

+

+#if defined(DEBUG)

+#   if defined(_MSC_VER)

+#       // "(void)0," is for suppressing C4127 warning in "assert(false)", "assert(true)" and the like

+#       define TIXMLASSERT( x )           if ( !((void)0,(x))) { __debugbreak(); }

+#   elif defined (ANDROID_NDK)

+#       include <android/log.h>

+#       define TIXMLASSERT( x )           if ( !(x)) { __android_log_assert( "assert", "grinliz", "ASSERT in '%s' at %d.", __FILE__, __LINE__ ); }

+#   else

+#       include <assert.h>

+#       define TIXMLASSERT                assert

+#   endif

+#else

+#   define TIXMLASSERT( x )               {}

+#endif

+

+

+/* Versioning, past 1.0.14:

+	http://semver.org/

+*/

+static const int TIXML2_MAJOR_VERSION = 3;

+static const int TIXML2_MINOR_VERSION = 0;

+static const int TIXML2_PATCH_VERSION = 0;

+

+namespace tinyxml2

+{

+class XMLDocument;

+class XMLElement;

+class XMLAttribute;

+class XMLComment;

+class XMLText;

+class XMLDeclaration;

+class XMLUnknown;

+class XMLPrinter;

+

+/*

+	A class that wraps strings. Normally stores the start and end

+	pointers into the XML file itself, and will apply normalization

+	and entity translation if actually read. Can also store (and memory

+	manage) a traditional char[]

+*/

+class StrPair

+{

+public:

+    enum {

+        NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING			= 0x01,

+        NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION		= 0x02,

+        NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING     = 0x04,

+

+        TEXT_ELEMENT		            	= NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING | NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,

+        TEXT_ELEMENT_LEAVE_ENTITIES		= NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,

+        ATTRIBUTE_NAME		            	= 0,

+        ATTRIBUTE_VALUE		            	= NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING | NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,

+        ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LEAVE_ENTITIES  	= NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,

+        COMMENT				        = NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION

+    };

+

+    StrPair() : _flags( 0 ), _start( 0 ), _end( 0 ) {}

+    ~StrPair();

+

+    void Set( char* start, char* end, int flags ) {

+        Reset();

+        _start  = start;

+        _end    = end;

+        _flags  = flags | NEEDS_FLUSH;

+    }

+

+    const char* GetStr();

+

+    bool Empty() const {

+        return _start == _end;

+    }

+

+    void SetInternedStr( const char* str ) {

+        Reset();

+        _start = const_cast<char*>(str);

+    }

+

+    void SetStr( const char* str, int flags=0 );

+

+    char* ParseText( char* in, const char* endTag, int strFlags );

+    char* ParseName( char* in );

+

+    void TransferTo( StrPair* other );

+

+private:

+    void Reset();

+    void CollapseWhitespace();

+

+    enum {

+        NEEDS_FLUSH = 0x100,

+        NEEDS_DELETE = 0x200

+    };

+

+    int     _flags;

+    char*   _start;

+    char*   _end;

+

+    StrPair( const StrPair& other );	// not supported

+    void operator=( StrPair& other );	// not supported, use TransferTo()

+};

+

+

+/*

+	A dynamic array of Plain Old Data. Doesn't support constructors, etc.

+	Has a small initial memory pool, so that low or no usage will not

+	cause a call to new/delete

+*/

+template <class T, int INITIAL_SIZE>

+class DynArray

+{

+public:

+    DynArray() {

+        _mem = _pool;

+        _allocated = INITIAL_SIZE;

+        _size = 0;

+    }

+

+    ~DynArray() {

+        if ( _mem != _pool ) {

+            delete [] _mem;

+        }

+    }

+

+    void Clear() {

+        _size = 0;

+    }

+

+    void Push( T t ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size < INT_MAX );

+        EnsureCapacity( _size+1 );

+        _mem[_size++] = t;

+    }

+

+    T* PushArr( int count ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( count >= 0 );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size <= INT_MAX - count );

+        EnsureCapacity( _size+count );

+        T* ret = &_mem[_size];

+        _size += count;

+        return ret;

+    }

+

+    T Pop() {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size > 0 );

+        return _mem[--_size];

+    }

+

+    void PopArr( int count ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size >= count );

+        _size -= count;

+    }

+

+    bool Empty() const					{

+        return _size == 0;

+    }

+

+    T& operator[](int i)				{

+        TIXMLASSERT( i>= 0 && i < _size );

+        return _mem[i];

+    }

+

+    const T& operator[](int i) const	{

+        TIXMLASSERT( i>= 0 && i < _size );

+        return _mem[i];

+    }

+

+    const T& PeekTop() const            {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size > 0 );

+        return _mem[ _size - 1];

+    }

+

+    int Size() const					{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _size >= 0 );

+        return _size;

+    }

+

+    int Capacity() const				{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _allocated >= INITIAL_SIZE );

+        return _allocated;

+    }

+

+    const T* Mem() const				{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _mem );

+        return _mem;

+    }

+

+    T* Mem()							{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _mem );

+        return _mem;

+    }

+

+private:

+    DynArray( const DynArray& ); // not supported

+    void operator=( const DynArray& ); // not supported

+

+    void EnsureCapacity( int cap ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( cap > 0 );

+        if ( cap > _allocated ) {

+            TIXMLASSERT( cap <= INT_MAX / 2 );

+            int newAllocated = cap * 2;

+            T* newMem = new T[newAllocated];

+            memcpy( newMem, _mem, sizeof(T)*_size );	// warning: not using constructors, only works for PODs

+            if ( _mem != _pool ) {

+                delete [] _mem;

+            }

+            _mem = newMem;

+            _allocated = newAllocated;

+        }

+    }

+

+    T*  _mem;

+    T   _pool[INITIAL_SIZE];

+    int _allocated;		// objects allocated

+    int _size;			// number objects in use

+};

+

+

+/*

+	Parent virtual class of a pool for fast allocation

+	and deallocation of objects.

+*/

+class MemPool

+{

+public:

+    MemPool() {}

+    virtual ~MemPool() {}

+

+    virtual int ItemSize() const = 0;

+    virtual void* Alloc() = 0;

+    virtual void Free( void* ) = 0;

+    virtual void SetTracked() = 0;

+    virtual void Clear() = 0;

+};

+

+

+/*

+	Template child class to create pools of the correct type.

+*/

+template< int SIZE >

+class MemPoolT : public MemPool

+{

+public:

+    MemPoolT() : _root(0), _currentAllocs(0), _nAllocs(0), _maxAllocs(0), _nUntracked(0)	{}

+    ~MemPoolT() {

+        Clear();

+    }

+    

+    void Clear() {

+        // Delete the blocks.

+        while( !_blockPtrs.Empty()) {

+            Block* b  = _blockPtrs.Pop();

+            delete b;

+        }

+        _root = 0;

+        _currentAllocs = 0;

+        _nAllocs = 0;

+        _maxAllocs = 0;

+        _nUntracked = 0;

+    }

+

+    virtual int ItemSize() const	{

+        return SIZE;

+    }

+    int CurrentAllocs() const		{

+        return _currentAllocs;

+    }

+

+    virtual void* Alloc() {

+        if ( !_root ) {

+            // Need a new block.

+            Block* block = new Block();

+            _blockPtrs.Push( block );

+

+            for( int i=0; i<COUNT-1; ++i ) {

+                block->chunk[i].next = &block->chunk[i+1];

+            }

+            block->chunk[COUNT-1].next = 0;

+            _root = block->chunk;

+        }

+        void* result = _root;

+        _root = _root->next;

+

+        ++_currentAllocs;

+        if ( _currentAllocs > _maxAllocs ) {

+            _maxAllocs = _currentAllocs;

+        }

+        _nAllocs++;

+        _nUntracked++;

+        return result;

+    }

+    

+    virtual void Free( void* mem ) {

+        if ( !mem ) {

+            return;

+        }

+        --_currentAllocs;

+        Chunk* chunk = static_cast<Chunk*>( mem );

+#ifdef DEBUG

+        memset( chunk, 0xfe, sizeof(Chunk) );

+#endif

+        chunk->next = _root;

+        _root = chunk;

+    }

+    void Trace( const char* name ) {

+        printf( "Mempool %s watermark=%d [%dk] current=%d size=%d nAlloc=%d blocks=%d\n",

+                name, _maxAllocs, _maxAllocs*SIZE/1024, _currentAllocs, SIZE, _nAllocs, _blockPtrs.Size() );

+    }

+

+    void SetTracked() {

+        _nUntracked--;

+    }

+

+    int Untracked() const {

+        return _nUntracked;

+    }

+

+	// This number is perf sensitive. 4k seems like a good tradeoff on my machine.

+	// The test file is large, 170k.

+	// Release:		VS2010 gcc(no opt)

+	//		1k:		4000

+	//		2k:		4000

+	//		4k:		3900	21000

+	//		16k:	5200

+	//		32k:	4300

+	//		64k:	4000	21000

+    enum { COUNT = (4*1024)/SIZE }; // Some compilers do not accept to use COUNT in private part if COUNT is private

+

+private:

+    MemPoolT( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported

+    void operator=( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported

+

+    union Chunk {

+        Chunk*  next;

+        char    mem[SIZE];

+    };

+    struct Block {

+        Chunk chunk[COUNT];

+    };

+    DynArray< Block*, 10 > _blockPtrs;

+    Chunk* _root;

+

+    int _currentAllocs;

+    int _nAllocs;

+    int _maxAllocs;

+    int _nUntracked;

+};

+

+

+

+/**

+	Implements the interface to the "Visitor pattern" (see the Accept() method.)

+	If you call the Accept() method, it requires being passed a XMLVisitor

+	class to handle callbacks. For nodes that contain other nodes (Document, Element)

+	you will get called with a VisitEnter/VisitExit pair. Nodes that are always leafs

+	are simply called with Visit().

+

+	If you return 'true' from a Visit method, recursive parsing will continue. If you return

+	false, <b>no children of this node or its siblings</b> will be visited.

+

+	All flavors of Visit methods have a default implementation that returns 'true' (continue

+	visiting). You need to only override methods that are interesting to you.

+

+	Generally Accept() is called on the XMLDocument, although all nodes support visiting.

+

+	You should never change the document from a callback.

+

+	@sa XMLNode::Accept()

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLVisitor

+{

+public:

+    virtual ~XMLVisitor() {}

+

+    /// Visit a document.

+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{

+        return true;

+    }

+    /// Visit a document.

+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{

+        return true;

+    }

+

+    /// Visit an element.

+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLElement& /*element*/, const XMLAttribute* /*firstAttribute*/ )	{

+        return true;

+    }

+    /// Visit an element.

+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLElement& /*element*/ )			{

+        return true;

+    }

+

+    /// Visit a declaration.

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLDeclaration& /*declaration*/ )		{

+        return true;

+    }

+    /// Visit a text node.

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLText& /*text*/ )					{

+        return true;

+    }

+    /// Visit a comment node.

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLComment& /*comment*/ )				{

+        return true;

+    }

+    /// Visit an unknown node.

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLUnknown& /*unknown*/ )				{

+        return true;

+    }

+};

+

+// WARNING: must match XMLDocument::_errorNames[]

+enum XMLError {

+    XML_SUCCESS = 0,

+    XML_NO_ERROR = 0,

+    XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE,

+    XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,

+    XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND,

+    XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED,

+    XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR,

+    XML_ERROR_ELEMENT_MISMATCH,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE,

+    XML_ERROR_IDENTIFYING_TAG,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN,

+    XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT,

+    XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT,

+    XML_ERROR_PARSING,

+    XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT,

+    XML_NO_TEXT_NODE,

+

+	XML_ERROR_COUNT

+};

+

+

+/*

+	Utility functionality.

+*/

+class XMLUtil

+{

+public:

+    static const char* SkipWhiteSpace( const char* p )	{

+        TIXMLASSERT( p );

+        while( IsWhiteSpace(*p) ) {

+            ++p;

+        }

+        TIXMLASSERT( p );

+        return p;

+    }

+    static char* SkipWhiteSpace( char* p )				{

+        return const_cast<char*>( SkipWhiteSpace( const_cast<const char*>(p) ) );

+    }

+

+    // Anything in the high order range of UTF-8 is assumed to not be whitespace. This isn't

+    // correct, but simple, and usually works.

+    static bool IsWhiteSpace( char p )					{

+        return !IsUTF8Continuation(p) && isspace( static_cast<unsigned char>(p) );

+    }

+    

+    inline static bool IsNameStartChar( unsigned char ch ) {

+        if ( ch >= 128 ) {

+            // This is a heuristic guess in attempt to not implement Unicode-aware isalpha()

+            return true;

+        }

+        if ( isalpha( ch ) ) {

+            return true;

+        }

+        return ch == ':' || ch == '_';

+    }

+    

+    inline static bool IsNameChar( unsigned char ch ) {

+        return IsNameStartChar( ch )

+               || isdigit( ch )

+               || ch == '.'

+               || ch == '-';

+    }

+

+    inline static bool StringEqual( const char* p, const char* q, int nChar=INT_MAX )  {

+        if ( p == q ) {

+            return true;

+        }

+        return strncmp( p, q, nChar ) == 0;

+    }

+    

+    inline static bool IsUTF8Continuation( char p ) {

+        return ( p & 0x80 ) != 0;

+    }

+

+    static const char* ReadBOM( const char* p, bool* hasBOM );

+    // p is the starting location,

+    // the UTF-8 value of the entity will be placed in value, and length filled in.

+    static const char* GetCharacterRef( const char* p, char* value, int* length );

+    static void ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length );

+

+    // converts primitive types to strings

+    static void ToStr( int v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );

+    static void ToStr( unsigned v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );

+    static void ToStr( bool v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );

+    static void ToStr( float v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );

+    static void ToStr( double v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );

+

+    // converts strings to primitive types

+    static bool	ToInt( const char* str, int* value );

+    static bool ToUnsigned( const char* str, unsigned* value );

+    static bool	ToBool( const char* str, bool* value );

+    static bool	ToFloat( const char* str, float* value );

+    static bool ToDouble( const char* str, double* value );

+};

+

+

+/** XMLNode is a base class for every object that is in the

+	XML Document Object Model (DOM), except XMLAttributes.

+	Nodes have siblings, a parent, and children which can

+	be navigated. A node is always in a XMLDocument.

+	The type of a XMLNode can be queried, and it can

+	be cast to its more defined type.

+

+	A XMLDocument allocates memory for all its Nodes.

+	When the XMLDocument gets deleted, all its Nodes

+	will also be deleted.

+

+	@verbatim

+	A Document can contain:	Element	(container or leaf)

+							Comment (leaf)

+							Unknown (leaf)

+							Declaration( leaf )

+

+	An Element can contain:	Element (container or leaf)

+							Text	(leaf)

+							Attributes (not on tree)

+							Comment (leaf)

+							Unknown (leaf)

+

+	@endverbatim

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+    friend class XMLElement;

+public:

+

+    /// Get the XMLDocument that owns this XMLNode.

+    const XMLDocument* GetDocument() const	{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _document );

+        return _document;

+    }

+    /// Get the XMLDocument that owns this XMLNode.

+    XMLDocument* GetDocument()				{

+        TIXMLASSERT( _document );

+        return _document;

+    }

+

+    /// Safely cast to an Element, or null.

+    virtual XMLElement*		ToElement()		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    /// Safely cast to Text, or null.

+    virtual XMLText*		ToText()		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    /// Safely cast to a Comment, or null.

+    virtual XMLComment*		ToComment()		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    /// Safely cast to a Document, or null.

+    virtual XMLDocument*	ToDocument()	{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    /// Safely cast to a Declaration, or null.

+    virtual XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration()	{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    /// Safely cast to an Unknown, or null.

+    virtual XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown()		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    virtual const XMLElement*		ToElement() const		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLText*			ToText() const			{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLComment*		ToComment() const		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLDocument*		ToDocument() const		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration() const	{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown() const		{

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    /** The meaning of 'value' changes for the specific type.

+    	@verbatim

+    	Document:	empty (NULL is returned, not an empty string)

+    	Element:	name of the element

+    	Comment:	the comment text

+    	Unknown:	the tag contents

+    	Text:		the text string

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    const char* Value() const;

+

+    /** Set the Value of an XML node.

+    	@sa Value()

+    */

+    void SetValue( const char* val, bool staticMem=false );

+

+    /// Get the parent of this node on the DOM.

+    const XMLNode*	Parent() const			{

+        return _parent;

+    }

+

+    XMLNode* Parent()						{

+        return _parent;

+    }

+

+    /// Returns true if this node has no children.

+    bool NoChildren() const					{

+        return !_firstChild;

+    }

+

+    /// Get the first child node, or null if none exists.

+    const XMLNode*  FirstChild() const		{

+        return _firstChild;

+    }

+

+    XMLNode*		FirstChild()			{

+        return _firstChild;

+    }

+

+    /** Get the first child element, or optionally the first child

+        element with the specified name.

+    */

+    const XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;

+

+    XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{

+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->FirstChildElement( name ));

+    }

+

+    /// Get the last child node, or null if none exists.

+    const XMLNode*	LastChild() const						{

+        return _lastChild;

+    }

+

+    XMLNode*		LastChild()								{

+        return _lastChild;

+    }

+

+    /** Get the last child element or optionally the last child

+        element with the specified name.

+    */

+    const XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;

+

+    XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{

+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->LastChildElement(name) );

+    }

+

+    /// Get the previous (left) sibling node of this node.

+    const XMLNode*	PreviousSibling() const					{

+        return _prev;

+    }

+

+    XMLNode*	PreviousSibling()							{

+        return _prev;

+    }

+

+    /// Get the previous (left) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.

+    const XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const ;

+

+    XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) {

+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) );

+    }

+

+    /// Get the next (right) sibling node of this node.

+    const XMLNode*	NextSibling() const						{

+        return _next;

+    }

+

+    XMLNode*	NextSibling()								{

+        return _next;

+    }

+

+    /// Get the next (right) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.

+    const XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;

+

+    XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )	{

+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->NextSiblingElement( name ) );

+    }

+

+    /**

+    	Add a child node as the last (right) child.

+		If the child node is already part of the document,

+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.

+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the node does not

+		belong to the same document.

+    */

+    XMLNode* InsertEndChild( XMLNode* addThis );

+

+    XMLNode* LinkEndChild( XMLNode* addThis )	{

+        return InsertEndChild( addThis );

+    }

+    /**

+    	Add a child node as the first (left) child.

+		If the child node is already part of the document,

+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.

+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the node does not

+		belong to the same document.

+    */

+    XMLNode* InsertFirstChild( XMLNode* addThis );

+    /**

+    	Add a node after the specified child node.

+		If the child node is already part of the document,

+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.

+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the afterThis node

+		is not a child of this node, or if the node does not

+		belong to the same document.

+    */

+    XMLNode* InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis );

+

+    /**

+    	Delete all the children of this node.

+    */

+    void DeleteChildren();

+

+    /**

+    	Delete a child of this node.

+    */

+    void DeleteChild( XMLNode* node );

+

+    /**

+    	Make a copy of this node, but not its children.

+    	You may pass in a Document pointer that will be

+    	the owner of the new Node. If the 'document' is

+    	null, then the node returned will be allocated

+    	from the current Document. (this->GetDocument())

+

+    	Note: if called on a XMLDocument, this will return null.

+    */

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const = 0;

+

+    /**

+    	Test if 2 nodes are the same, but don't test children.

+    	The 2 nodes do not need to be in the same Document.

+

+    	Note: if called on a XMLDocument, this will return false.

+    */

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const = 0;

+

+    /** Accept a hierarchical visit of the nodes in the TinyXML-2 DOM. Every node in the

+    	XML tree will be conditionally visited and the host will be called back

+    	via the XMLVisitor interface.

+

+    	This is essentially a SAX interface for TinyXML-2. (Note however it doesn't re-parse

+    	the XML for the callbacks, so the performance of TinyXML-2 is unchanged by using this

+    	interface versus any other.)

+

+    	The interface has been based on ideas from:

+

+    	- http://www.saxproject.org/

+    	- http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?HierarchicalVisitorPattern

+

+    	Which are both good references for "visiting".

+

+    	An example of using Accept():

+    	@verbatim

+    	XMLPrinter printer;

+    	tinyxmlDoc.Accept( &printer );

+    	const char* xmlcstr = printer.CStr();

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const = 0;

+

+protected:

+    XMLNode( XMLDocument* );

+    virtual ~XMLNode();

+

+    virtual char* ParseDeep( char*, StrPair* );

+

+    XMLDocument*	_document;

+    XMLNode*		_parent;

+    mutable StrPair	_value;

+

+    XMLNode*		_firstChild;

+    XMLNode*		_lastChild;

+

+    XMLNode*		_prev;

+    XMLNode*		_next;

+

+private:

+    MemPool*		_memPool;

+    void Unlink( XMLNode* child );

+    static void DeleteNode( XMLNode* node );

+    void InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const;

+

+    XMLNode( const XMLNode& );	// not supported

+    XMLNode& operator=( const XMLNode& );	// not supported

+};

+

+

+/** XML text.

+

+	Note that a text node can have child element nodes, for example:

+	@verbatim

+	<root>This is <b>bold</b></root>

+	@endverbatim

+

+	A text node can have 2 ways to output the next. "normal" output

+	and CDATA. It will default to the mode it was parsed from the XML file and

+	you generally want to leave it alone, but you can change the output mode with

+	SetCData() and query it with CData().

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLText : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLBase;

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+public:

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    virtual XMLText* ToText()			{

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLText* ToText() const	{

+        return this;

+    }

+

+    /// Declare whether this should be CDATA or standard text.

+    void SetCData( bool isCData )			{

+        _isCData = isCData;

+    }

+    /// Returns true if this is a CDATA text element.

+    bool CData() const						{

+        return _isCData;

+    }

+

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;

+

+protected:

+    XMLText( XMLDocument* doc )	: XMLNode( doc ), _isCData( false )	{}

+    virtual ~XMLText()												{}

+

+    char* ParseDeep( char*, StrPair* endTag );

+

+private:

+    bool _isCData;

+

+    XMLText( const XMLText& );	// not supported

+    XMLText& operator=( const XMLText& );	// not supported

+};

+

+

+/** An XML Comment. */

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLComment : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+public:

+    virtual XMLComment*	ToComment()					{

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLComment* ToComment() const		{

+        return this;

+    }

+

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;

+

+protected:

+    XMLComment( XMLDocument* doc );

+    virtual ~XMLComment();

+

+    char* ParseDeep( char*, StrPair* endTag );

+

+private:

+    XMLComment( const XMLComment& );	// not supported

+    XMLComment& operator=( const XMLComment& );	// not supported

+};

+

+

+/** In correct XML the declaration is the first entry in the file.

+	@verbatim

+		<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>

+	@endverbatim

+

+	TinyXML-2 will happily read or write files without a declaration,

+	however.

+

+	The text of the declaration isn't interpreted. It is parsed

+	and written as a string.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLDeclaration : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+public:

+    virtual XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration()					{

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const		{

+        return this;

+    }

+

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;

+

+protected:

+    XMLDeclaration( XMLDocument* doc );

+    virtual ~XMLDeclaration();

+

+    char* ParseDeep( char*, StrPair* endTag );

+

+private:

+    XMLDeclaration( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported

+    XMLDeclaration& operator=( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported

+};

+

+

+/** Any tag that TinyXML-2 doesn't recognize is saved as an

+	unknown. It is a tag of text, but should not be modified.

+	It will be written back to the XML, unchanged, when the file

+	is saved.

+

+	DTD tags get thrown into XMLUnknowns.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLUnknown : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+public:

+    virtual XMLUnknown*	ToUnknown()					{

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() const		{

+        return this;

+    }

+

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;

+

+protected:

+    XMLUnknown( XMLDocument* doc );

+    virtual ~XMLUnknown();

+

+    char* ParseDeep( char*, StrPair* endTag );

+

+private:

+    XMLUnknown( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported

+    XMLUnknown& operator=( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported

+};

+

+

+

+/** An attribute is a name-value pair. Elements have an arbitrary

+	number of attributes, each with a unique name.

+

+	@note The attributes are not XMLNodes. You may only query the

+	Next() attribute in a list.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLAttribute

+{

+    friend class XMLElement;

+public:

+    /// The name of the attribute.

+    const char* Name() const;

+

+    /// The value of the attribute.

+    const char* Value() const;

+

+    /// The next attribute in the list.

+    const XMLAttribute* Next() const {

+        return _next;

+    }

+

+    /** IntValue interprets the attribute as an integer, and returns the value.

+        If the value isn't an integer, 0 will be returned. There is no error checking;

+    	use QueryIntValue() if you need error checking.

+    */

+    int		 IntValue() const				{

+        int i=0;

+        QueryIntValue( &i );

+        return i;

+    }

+    /// Query as an unsigned integer. See IntValue()

+    unsigned UnsignedValue() const			{

+        unsigned i=0;

+        QueryUnsignedValue( &i );

+        return i;

+    }

+    /// Query as a boolean. See IntValue()

+    bool	 BoolValue() const				{

+        bool b=false;

+        QueryBoolValue( &b );

+        return b;

+    }

+    /// Query as a double. See IntValue()

+    double 	 DoubleValue() const			{

+        double d=0;

+        QueryDoubleValue( &d );

+        return d;

+    }

+    /// Query as a float. See IntValue()

+    float	 FloatValue() const				{

+        float f=0;

+        QueryFloatValue( &f );

+        return f;

+    }

+

+    /** QueryIntValue interprets the attribute as an integer, and returns the value

+    	in the provided parameter. The function will return XML_NO_ERROR on success,

+    	and XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion is not successful.

+    */

+    XMLError QueryIntValue( int* value ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntValue

+    XMLError QueryUnsignedValue( unsigned int* value ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntValue

+    XMLError QueryBoolValue( bool* value ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntValue

+    XMLError QueryDoubleValue( double* value ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntValue

+    XMLError QueryFloatValue( float* value ) const;

+

+    /// Set the attribute to a string value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* value );

+    /// Set the attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( int value );

+    /// Set the attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( unsigned value );

+    /// Set the attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( bool value );

+    /// Set the attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( double value );

+    /// Set the attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( float value );

+

+private:

+    enum { BUF_SIZE = 200 };

+

+    XMLAttribute() : _next( 0 ), _memPool( 0 ) {}

+    virtual ~XMLAttribute()	{}

+

+    XMLAttribute( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported

+    void operator=( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported

+    void SetName( const char* name );

+

+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities );

+

+    mutable StrPair _name;

+    mutable StrPair _value;

+    XMLAttribute*   _next;

+    MemPool*        _memPool;

+};

+

+

+/** The element is a container class. It has a value, the element name,

+	and can contain other elements, text, comments, and unknowns.

+	Elements also contain an arbitrary number of attributes.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLElement : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLBase;

+    friend class XMLDocument;

+public:

+    /// Get the name of an element (which is the Value() of the node.)

+    const char* Name() const		{

+        return Value();

+    }

+    /// Set the name of the element.

+    void SetName( const char* str, bool staticMem=false )	{

+        SetValue( str, staticMem );

+    }

+

+    virtual XMLElement* ToElement()				{

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLElement* ToElement() const {

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    /** Given an attribute name, Attribute() returns the value

+    	for the attribute of that name, or null if none

+    	exists. For example:

+

+    	@verbatim

+    	const char* value = ele->Attribute( "foo" );

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	The 'value' parameter is normally null. However, if specified,

+    	the attribute will only be returned if the 'name' and 'value'

+    	match. This allow you to write code:

+

+    	@verbatim

+    	if ( ele->Attribute( "foo", "bar" ) ) callFooIsBar();

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	rather than:

+    	@verbatim

+    	if ( ele->Attribute( "foo" ) ) {

+    		if ( strcmp( ele->Attribute( "foo" ), "bar" ) == 0 ) callFooIsBar();

+    	}

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    const char* Attribute( const char* name, const char* value=0 ) const;

+

+    /** Given an attribute name, IntAttribute() returns the value

+    	of the attribute interpreted as an integer. 0 will be

+    	returned if there is an error. For a method with error

+    	checking, see QueryIntAttribute()

+    */

+    int		 IntAttribute( const char* name ) const		{

+        int i=0;

+        QueryIntAttribute( name, &i );

+        return i;

+    }

+    /// See IntAttribute()

+    unsigned UnsignedAttribute( const char* name ) const {

+        unsigned i=0;

+        QueryUnsignedAttribute( name, &i );

+        return i;

+    }

+    /// See IntAttribute()

+    bool	 BoolAttribute( const char* name ) const	{

+        bool b=false;

+        QueryBoolAttribute( name, &b );

+        return b;

+    }

+    /// See IntAttribute()

+    double 	 DoubleAttribute( const char* name ) const	{

+        double d=0;

+        QueryDoubleAttribute( name, &d );

+        return d;

+    }

+    /// See IntAttribute()

+    float	 FloatAttribute( const char* name ) const	{

+        float f=0;

+        QueryFloatAttribute( name, &f );

+        return f;

+    }

+

+    /** Given an attribute name, QueryIntAttribute() returns

+    	XML_NO_ERROR, XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion

+    	can't be performed, or XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE if the attribute

+    	doesn't exist. If successful, the result of the conversion

+    	will be written to 'value'. If not successful, nothing will

+    	be written to 'value'. This allows you to provide default

+    	value:

+

+    	@verbatim

+    	int value = 10;

+    	QueryIntAttribute( "foo", &value );		// if "foo" isn't found, value will still be 10

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    XMLError QueryIntAttribute( const char* name, int* value ) const				{

+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+        if ( !a ) {

+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;

+        }

+        return a->QueryIntValue( value );

+    }

+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()

+    XMLError QueryUnsignedAttribute( const char* name, unsigned int* value ) const	{

+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+        if ( !a ) {

+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;

+        }

+        return a->QueryUnsignedValue( value );

+    }

+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()

+    XMLError QueryBoolAttribute( const char* name, bool* value ) const				{

+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+        if ( !a ) {

+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;

+        }

+        return a->QueryBoolValue( value );

+    }

+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()

+    XMLError QueryDoubleAttribute( const char* name, double* value ) const			{

+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+        if ( !a ) {

+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;

+        }

+        return a->QueryDoubleValue( value );

+    }

+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()

+    XMLError QueryFloatAttribute( const char* name, float* value ) const			{

+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+        if ( !a ) {

+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;

+        }

+        return a->QueryFloatValue( value );

+    }

+

+	

+    /** Given an attribute name, QueryAttribute() returns

+    	XML_NO_ERROR, XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion

+    	can't be performed, or XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE if the attribute

+    	doesn't exist. It is overloaded for the primitive types,

+		and is a generally more convenient replacement of

+		QueryIntAttribute() and related functions.

+		

+		If successful, the result of the conversion

+    	will be written to 'value'. If not successful, nothing will

+    	be written to 'value'. This allows you to provide default

+    	value:

+

+    	@verbatim

+    	int value = 10;

+    	QueryAttribute( "foo", &value );		// if "foo" isn't found, value will still be 10

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, int* value ) const {

+		return QueryIntAttribute( name, value );

+	}

+

+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, unsigned int* value ) const {

+		return QueryUnsignedAttribute( name, value );

+	}

+

+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, bool* value ) const {

+		return QueryBoolAttribute( name, value );

+	}

+

+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, double* value ) const {

+		return QueryDoubleAttribute( name, value );

+	}

+

+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, float* value ) const {

+		return QueryFloatAttribute( name, value );

+	}

+

+	/// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, const char* value )	{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, int value )			{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, unsigned value )		{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, bool value )			{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, double value )		{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.

+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, float value )		{

+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );

+        a->SetAttribute( value );

+    }

+

+    /**

+    	Delete an attribute.

+    */

+    void DeleteAttribute( const char* name );

+

+    /// Return the first attribute in the list.

+    const XMLAttribute* FirstAttribute() const {

+        return _rootAttribute;

+    }

+    /// Query a specific attribute in the list.

+    const XMLAttribute* FindAttribute( const char* name ) const;

+

+    /** Convenience function for easy access to the text inside an element. Although easy

+    	and concise, GetText() is limited compared to getting the XMLText child

+    	and accessing it directly.

+

+    	If the first child of 'this' is a XMLText, the GetText()

+    	returns the character string of the Text node, else null is returned.

+

+    	This is a convenient method for getting the text of simple contained text:

+    	@verbatim

+    	<foo>This is text</foo>

+    		const char* str = fooElement->GetText();

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	'str' will be a pointer to "This is text".

+

+    	Note that this function can be misleading. If the element foo was created from

+    	this XML:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo><b>This is text</b></foo>

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	then the value of str would be null. The first child node isn't a text node, it is

+    	another element. From this XML:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo>This is <b>text</b></foo>

+    	@endverbatim

+    	GetText() will return "This is ".

+    */

+    const char* GetText() const;

+

+    /** Convenience function for easy access to the text inside an element. Although easy

+    	and concise, SetText() is limited compared to creating an XMLText child

+    	and mutating it directly.

+

+    	If the first child of 'this' is a XMLText, SetText() sets its value to

+		the given string, otherwise it will create a first child that is an XMLText.

+

+    	This is a convenient method for setting the text of simple contained text:

+    	@verbatim

+    	<foo>This is text</foo>

+    		fooElement->SetText( "Hullaballoo!" );

+     	<foo>Hullaballoo!</foo>

+		@endverbatim

+

+    	Note that this function can be misleading. If the element foo was created from

+    	this XML:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo><b>This is text</b></foo>

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	then it will not change "This is text", but rather prefix it with a text element:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo>Hullaballoo!<b>This is text</b></foo>

+    	@endverbatim

+		

+		For this XML:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo />

+    	@endverbatim

+    	SetText() will generate

+    	@verbatim

+    		<foo>Hullaballoo!</foo>

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+	void SetText( const char* inText );

+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.

+    void SetText( int value );

+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.

+    void SetText( unsigned value );  

+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.

+    void SetText( bool value );  

+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.

+    void SetText( double value );  

+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.

+    void SetText( float value );  

+

+    /**

+    	Convenience method to query the value of a child text node. This is probably best

+    	shown by example. Given you have a document is this form:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<point>

+    			<x>1</x>

+    			<y>1.4</y>

+    		</point>

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	The QueryIntText() and similar functions provide a safe and easier way to get to the

+    	"value" of x and y.

+

+    	@verbatim

+    		int x = 0;

+    		float y = 0;	// types of x and y are contrived for example

+    		const XMLElement* xElement = pointElement->FirstChildElement( "x" );

+    		const XMLElement* yElement = pointElement->FirstChildElement( "y" );

+    		xElement->QueryIntText( &x );

+    		yElement->QueryFloatText( &y );

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	@returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT if the text cannot be converted

+    			 to the requested type, and XML_NO_TEXT_NODE if there is no child text to query.

+

+    */

+    XMLError QueryIntText( int* ival ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntText()

+    XMLError QueryUnsignedText( unsigned* uval ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntText()

+    XMLError QueryBoolText( bool* bval ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntText()

+    XMLError QueryDoubleText( double* dval ) const;

+    /// See QueryIntText()

+    XMLError QueryFloatText( float* fval ) const;

+

+    // internal:

+    enum {

+        OPEN,		// <foo>

+        CLOSED,		// <foo/>

+        CLOSING		// </foo>

+    };

+    int ClosingType() const {

+        return _closingType;

+    }

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;

+

+protected:

+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* endTag );

+

+private:

+    XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc );

+    virtual ~XMLElement();

+    XMLElement( const XMLElement& );	// not supported

+    void operator=( const XMLElement& );	// not supported

+

+    XMLAttribute* FindAttribute( const char* name ) {

+        return const_cast<XMLAttribute*>(const_cast<const XMLElement*>(this)->FindAttribute( name ));

+    }

+    XMLAttribute* FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name );

+    //void LinkAttribute( XMLAttribute* attrib );

+    char* ParseAttributes( char* p );

+    static void DeleteAttribute( XMLAttribute* attribute );

+

+    enum { BUF_SIZE = 200 };

+    int _closingType;

+    // The attribute list is ordered; there is no 'lastAttribute'

+    // because the list needs to be scanned for dupes before adding

+    // a new attribute.

+    XMLAttribute* _rootAttribute;

+};

+

+

+enum Whitespace {

+    PRESERVE_WHITESPACE,

+    COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE

+};

+

+

+/** A Document binds together all the functionality.

+	It can be saved, loaded, and printed to the screen.

+	All Nodes are connected and allocated to a Document.

+	If the Document is deleted, all its Nodes are also deleted.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLDocument : public XMLNode

+{

+    friend class XMLElement;

+public:

+    /// constructor

+    XMLDocument( bool processEntities = true, Whitespace = PRESERVE_WHITESPACE );

+    ~XMLDocument();

+

+    virtual XMLDocument* ToDocument()				{

+        TIXMLASSERT( this == _document );

+        return this;

+    }

+    virtual const XMLDocument* ToDocument() const	{

+        TIXMLASSERT( this == _document );

+        return this;

+    }

+

+    /**

+    	Parse an XML file from a character string.

+    	Returns XML_NO_ERROR (0) on success, or

+    	an errorID.

+

+    	You may optionally pass in the 'nBytes', which is

+    	the number of bytes which will be parsed. If not

+    	specified, TinyXML-2 will assume 'xml' points to a

+    	null terminated string.

+    */

+    XMLError Parse( const char* xml, size_t nBytes=(size_t)(-1) );

+

+    /**

+    	Load an XML file from disk.

+    	Returns XML_NO_ERROR (0) on success, or

+    	an errorID.

+    */

+    XMLError LoadFile( const char* filename );

+

+    /**

+    	Load an XML file from disk. You are responsible

+    	for providing and closing the FILE*. 

+     

+        NOTE: The file should be opened as binary ("rb")

+        not text in order for TinyXML-2 to correctly

+        do newline normalization.

+

+    	Returns XML_NO_ERROR (0) on success, or

+    	an errorID.

+    */

+    XMLError LoadFile( FILE* );

+

+    /**

+    	Save the XML file to disk.

+    	Returns XML_NO_ERROR (0) on success, or

+    	an errorID.

+    */

+    XMLError SaveFile( const char* filename, bool compact = false );

+

+    /**

+    	Save the XML file to disk. You are responsible

+    	for providing and closing the FILE*.

+

+    	Returns XML_NO_ERROR (0) on success, or

+    	an errorID.

+    */

+    XMLError SaveFile( FILE* fp, bool compact = false );

+

+    bool ProcessEntities() const		{

+        return _processEntities;

+    }

+    Whitespace WhitespaceMode() const	{

+        return _whitespace;

+    }

+

+    /**

+    	Returns true if this document has a leading Byte Order Mark of UTF8.

+    */

+    bool HasBOM() const {

+        return _writeBOM;

+    }

+    /** Sets whether to write the BOM when writing the file.

+    */

+    void SetBOM( bool useBOM ) {

+        _writeBOM = useBOM;

+    }

+

+    /** Return the root element of DOM. Equivalent to FirstChildElement().

+        To get the first node, use FirstChild().

+    */

+    XMLElement* RootElement()				{

+        return FirstChildElement();

+    }

+    const XMLElement* RootElement() const	{

+        return FirstChildElement();

+    }

+

+    /** Print the Document. If the Printer is not provided, it will

+        print to stdout. If you provide Printer, this can print to a file:

+    	@verbatim

+    	XMLPrinter printer( fp );

+    	doc.Print( &printer );

+    	@endverbatim

+

+    	Or you can use a printer to print to memory:

+    	@verbatim

+    	XMLPrinter printer;

+    	doc.Print( &printer );

+    	// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    void Print( XMLPrinter* streamer=0 ) const;

+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;

+

+    /**

+    	Create a new Element associated with

+    	this Document. The memory for the Element

+    	is managed by the Document.

+    */

+    XMLElement* NewElement( const char* name );

+    /**

+    	Create a new Comment associated with

+    	this Document. The memory for the Comment

+    	is managed by the Document.

+    */

+    XMLComment* NewComment( const char* comment );

+    /**

+    	Create a new Text associated with

+    	this Document. The memory for the Text

+    	is managed by the Document.

+    */

+    XMLText* NewText( const char* text );

+    /**

+    	Create a new Declaration associated with

+    	this Document. The memory for the object

+    	is managed by the Document.

+

+    	If the 'text' param is null, the standard

+    	declaration is used.:

+    	@verbatim

+    		<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

+    	@endverbatim

+    */

+    XMLDeclaration* NewDeclaration( const char* text=0 );

+    /**

+    	Create a new Unknown associated with

+    	this Document. The memory for the object

+    	is managed by the Document.

+    */

+    XMLUnknown* NewUnknown( const char* text );

+

+    /**

+    	Delete a node associated with this document.

+    	It will be unlinked from the DOM.

+    */

+    void DeleteNode( XMLNode* node );

+

+    void SetError( XMLError error, const char* str1, const char* str2 );

+

+    /// Return true if there was an error parsing the document.

+    bool Error() const {

+        return _errorID != XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    /// Return the errorID.

+    XMLError  ErrorID() const {

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+	const char* ErrorName() const;

+

+    /// Return a possibly helpful diagnostic location or string.

+    const char* GetErrorStr1() const {

+        return _errorStr1;

+    }

+    /// Return a possibly helpful secondary diagnostic location or string.

+    const char* GetErrorStr2() const {

+        return _errorStr2;

+    }

+    /// If there is an error, print it to stdout.

+    void PrintError() const;

+    

+    /// Clear the document, resetting it to the initial state.

+    void Clear();

+

+    // internal

+    char* Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node );

+

+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* /*document*/ ) const	{

+        return 0;

+    }

+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* /*compare*/ ) const	{

+        return false;

+    }

+

+private:

+    XMLDocument( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported

+    void operator=( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported

+

+    bool        _writeBOM;

+    bool        _processEntities;

+    XMLError    _errorID;

+    Whitespace  _whitespace;

+    const char* _errorStr1;

+    const char* _errorStr2;

+    char*       _charBuffer;

+

+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLElement) >	 _elementPool;

+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLAttribute) > _attributePool;

+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLText) >		 _textPool;

+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLComment) >	 _commentPool;

+

+	static const char* _errorNames[XML_ERROR_COUNT];

+

+    void Parse();

+};

+

+

+/**

+	A XMLHandle is a class that wraps a node pointer with null checks; this is

+	an incredibly useful thing. Note that XMLHandle is not part of the TinyXML-2

+	DOM structure. It is a separate utility class.

+

+	Take an example:

+	@verbatim

+	<Document>

+		<Element attributeA = "valueA">

+			<Child attributeB = "value1" />

+			<Child attributeB = "value2" />

+		</Element>

+	</Document>

+	@endverbatim

+

+	Assuming you want the value of "attributeB" in the 2nd "Child" element, it's very

+	easy to write a *lot* of code that looks like:

+

+	@verbatim

+	XMLElement* root = document.FirstChildElement( "Document" );

+	if ( root )

+	{

+		XMLElement* element = root->FirstChildElement( "Element" );

+		if ( element )

+		{

+			XMLElement* child = element->FirstChildElement( "Child" );

+			if ( child )

+			{

+				XMLElement* child2 = child->NextSiblingElement( "Child" );

+				if ( child2 )

+				{

+					// Finally do something useful.

+	@endverbatim

+

+	And that doesn't even cover "else" cases. XMLHandle addresses the verbosity

+	of such code. A XMLHandle checks for null pointers so it is perfectly safe

+	and correct to use:

+

+	@verbatim

+	XMLHandle docHandle( &document );

+	XMLElement* child2 = docHandle.FirstChildElement( "Document" ).FirstChildElement( "Element" ).FirstChildElement().NextSiblingElement();

+	if ( child2 )

+	{

+		// do something useful

+	@endverbatim

+

+	Which is MUCH more concise and useful.

+

+	It is also safe to copy handles - internally they are nothing more than node pointers.

+	@verbatim

+	XMLHandle handleCopy = handle;

+	@endverbatim

+

+	See also XMLConstHandle, which is the same as XMLHandle, but operates on const objects.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLHandle

+{

+public:

+    /// Create a handle from any node (at any depth of the tree.) This can be a null pointer.

+    XMLHandle( XMLNode* node )												{

+        _node = node;

+    }

+    /// Create a handle from a node.

+    XMLHandle( XMLNode& node )												{

+        _node = &node;

+    }

+    /// Copy constructor

+    XMLHandle( const XMLHandle& ref )										{

+        _node = ref._node;

+    }

+    /// Assignment

+    XMLHandle& operator=( const XMLHandle& ref )							{

+        _node = ref._node;

+        return *this;

+    }

+

+    /// Get the first child of this handle.

+    XMLHandle FirstChild() 													{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the first child element of this handle.

+    XMLHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the last child of this handle.

+    XMLHandle LastChild()													{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the last child element of this handle.

+    XMLHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the previous sibling of this handle.

+    XMLHandle PreviousSibling()												{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the previous sibling element of this handle.

+    XMLHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )				{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the next sibling of this handle.

+    XMLHandle NextSibling()													{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );

+    }

+    /// Get the next sibling element of this handle.

+    XMLHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )					{

+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+

+    /// Safe cast to XMLNode. This can return null.

+    XMLNode* ToNode()							{

+        return _node;

+    }

+    /// Safe cast to XMLElement. This can return null.

+    XMLElement* ToElement() 					{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToElement() );

+    }

+    /// Safe cast to XMLText. This can return null.

+    XMLText* ToText() 							{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToText() );

+    }

+    /// Safe cast to XMLUnknown. This can return null.

+    XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() 					{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToUnknown() );

+    }

+    /// Safe cast to XMLDeclaration. This can return null.

+    XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() 			{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToDeclaration() );

+    }

+

+private:

+    XMLNode* _node;

+};

+

+

+/**

+	A variant of the XMLHandle class for working with const XMLNodes and Documents. It is the

+	same in all regards, except for the 'const' qualifiers. See XMLHandle for API.

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLConstHandle

+{

+public:

+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLNode* node )											{

+        _node = node;

+    }

+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLNode& node )											{

+        _node = &node;

+    }

+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLConstHandle& ref )										{

+        _node = ref._node;

+    }

+

+    XMLConstHandle& operator=( const XMLConstHandle& ref )							{

+        _node = ref._node;

+        return *this;

+    }

+

+    const XMLConstHandle FirstChild() const											{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle LastChild()	const										{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSibling() const									{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const		{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle NextSibling() const										{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );

+    }

+    const XMLConstHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const			{

+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );

+    }

+

+

+    const XMLNode* ToNode() const				{

+        return _node;

+    }

+    const XMLElement* ToElement() const			{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToElement() );

+    }

+    const XMLText* ToText() const				{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToText() );

+    }

+    const XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() const			{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToUnknown() );

+    }

+    const XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const	{

+        return ( ( _node == 0 ) ? 0 : _node->ToDeclaration() );

+    }

+

+private:

+    const XMLNode* _node;

+};

+

+

+/**

+	Printing functionality. The XMLPrinter gives you more

+	options than the XMLDocument::Print() method.

+

+	It can:

+	-# Print to memory.

+	-# Print to a file you provide.

+	-# Print XML without a XMLDocument.

+

+	Print to Memory

+

+	@verbatim

+	XMLPrinter printer;

+	doc.Print( &printer );

+	SomeFunction( printer.CStr() );

+	@endverbatim

+

+	Print to a File

+

+	You provide the file pointer.

+	@verbatim

+	XMLPrinter printer( fp );

+	doc.Print( &printer );

+	@endverbatim

+

+	Print without a XMLDocument

+

+	When loading, an XML parser is very useful. However, sometimes

+	when saving, it just gets in the way. The code is often set up

+	for streaming, and constructing the DOM is just overhead.

+

+	The Printer supports the streaming case. The following code

+	prints out a trivially simple XML file without ever creating

+	an XML document.

+

+	@verbatim

+	XMLPrinter printer( fp );

+	printer.OpenElement( "foo" );

+	printer.PushAttribute( "foo", "bar" );

+	printer.CloseElement();

+	@endverbatim

+*/

+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLPrinter : public XMLVisitor

+{

+public:

+    /** Construct the printer. If the FILE* is specified,

+    	this will print to the FILE. Else it will print

+    	to memory, and the result is available in CStr().

+    	If 'compact' is set to true, then output is created

+    	with only required whitespace and newlines.

+    */

+    XMLPrinter( FILE* file=0, bool compact = false, int depth = 0 );

+    virtual ~XMLPrinter()	{}

+

+    /** If streaming, write the BOM and declaration. */

+    void PushHeader( bool writeBOM, bool writeDeclaration );

+    /** If streaming, start writing an element.

+        The element must be closed with CloseElement()

+    */

+    void OpenElement( const char* name, bool compactMode=false );

+    /// If streaming, add an attribute to an open element.

+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, const char* value );

+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, int value );

+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, unsigned value );

+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, bool value );

+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, double value );

+    /// If streaming, close the Element.

+    virtual void CloseElement( bool compactMode=false );

+

+    /// Add a text node.

+    void PushText( const char* text, bool cdata=false );

+    /// Add a text node from an integer.

+    void PushText( int value );

+    /// Add a text node from an unsigned.

+    void PushText( unsigned value );

+    /// Add a text node from a bool.

+    void PushText( bool value );

+    /// Add a text node from a float.

+    void PushText( float value );

+    /// Add a text node from a double.

+    void PushText( double value );

+

+    /// Add a comment

+    void PushComment( const char* comment );

+

+    void PushDeclaration( const char* value );

+    void PushUnknown( const char* value );

+

+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ );

+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{

+        return true;

+    }

+

+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLElement& element, const XMLAttribute* attribute );

+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLElement& element );

+

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLText& text );

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLComment& comment );

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLDeclaration& declaration );

+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLUnknown& unknown );

+

+    /**

+    	If in print to memory mode, return a pointer to

+    	the XML file in memory.

+    */

+    const char* CStr() const {

+        return _buffer.Mem();

+    }

+    /**

+    	If in print to memory mode, return the size

+    	of the XML file in memory. (Note the size returned

+    	includes the terminating null.)

+    */

+    int CStrSize() const {

+        return _buffer.Size();

+    }

+    /**

+    	If in print to memory mode, reset the buffer to the

+    	beginning.

+    */

+    void ClearBuffer() {

+        _buffer.Clear();

+        _buffer.Push(0);

+    }

+

+protected:

+	virtual bool CompactMode( const XMLElement& )	{ return _compactMode; }

+

+	/** Prints out the space before an element. You may override to change

+	    the space and tabs used. A PrintSpace() override should call Print().

+	*/

+    virtual void PrintSpace( int depth );

+    void Print( const char* format, ... );

+

+    void SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    bool _elementJustOpened;

+    DynArray< const char*, 10 > _stack;

+

+private:

+    void PrintString( const char*, bool restrictedEntitySet );	// prints out, after detecting entities.

+

+    bool _firstElement;

+    FILE* _fp;

+    int _depth;

+    int _textDepth;

+    bool _processEntities;

+	bool _compactMode;

+

+    enum {

+        ENTITY_RANGE = 64,

+        BUF_SIZE = 200

+    };

+    bool _entityFlag[ENTITY_RANGE];

+    bool _restrictedEntityFlag[ENTITY_RANGE];

+

+    DynArray< char, 20 > _buffer;

+};

+

+

+}	// tinyxml2

+

+#if defined(_MSC_VER)

+#   pragma warning(pop)

+#endif

+

+#endif // TINYXML2_INCLUDED

diff --git a/hw3/include/transformation3d.h b/hw3/include/transformation3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b61ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/transformation3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _TRANSFORMATION3D_H_
+#define _TRANSFORMATION3D_H_
+
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "mat3d.h"
+
+class transformation3d {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  transformation3d(void);
+  transformation3d(const vec3d& translation, const mat3d& transformation, const mat3d& inverseTransform);
+  transformation3d(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  //////////////
+  // Operator //
+  //////////////
+  transformation3d& operator=(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  transformation3d operator*(const transformation3d& t) const;
+  transformation3d& operator*=(const transformation3d& t);
+
+  //////////////
+  // Mutators //
+  //////////////
+  transformation3d& invert(void);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  vec3d transformPoint(const vec3d& p) const;
+  vec3d transformDirection(const vec3d& d) const;
+  vec3d transformNormal(const vec3d& n) const;
+
+  vec3d inverseTransformPoint(const vec3d& p) const;
+  vec3d inverseTransformDirection(const vec3d& d) const;
+  vec3d inverseTransformNormal(const vec3d& n) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(transformation3d& a, transformation3d& b) { a._swap(b); }
+
+  friend transformation3d inverse(const transformation3d& t) { transformation3d i(t); return i.invert(); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const transformation3d& t)
+  {
+    t._print(s);
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ///////////////////////
+  // Protected Methods //
+  ///////////////////////
+  void _swap(transformation3d& t);
+  void _assign(const transformation3d& t);
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const;
+
+  ////////////////////////////
+  // Protected Data Members //
+  ////////////////////////////
+  vec3d _translation;
+  mat3d _transformation;
+  mat3d _inverseTransformation;
+};
+
+#endif /* _TRANSFORMATION3D_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/triangle.h b/hw3/include/triangle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7d85bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/triangle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _TRIANGLE_H_
+#define _TRIANGLE_H_
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "ray.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "boundingBox.h"
+
+class triangle {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  triangle(void);
+  triangle(const triangle& t);
+  triangle(triangle&& t);
+
+  triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3);
+  triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list);
+
+  triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+	   const vec3d& n1, const vec3d& n2, const vec3d& n3);
+  triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+           size_t n1_idx, size_t n2_idx, size_t n3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& normal_list);
+
+  triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+	   const vec2d& t1, const vec2d& t2, const vec2d& t3);
+  triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+	   size_t t1_idx, size_t t2_idx, size_t t3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec2d>>& texcoord_list);
+
+  triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+	   const vec3d& n1, const vec3d& n2, const vec3d& n3,
+	   const vec2d& t1, const vec2d& t2, const vec2d& t3);
+  triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+	   size_t n1_idx, size_t n2_idx, size_t n3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& normal_list,
+	   size_t t1_idx, size_t t2_idx, size_t t3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec2d>>& texcoord_list);
+
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  const vec3d& vertex(size_t index) const;
+  const vec3d& normal(size_t index) const;
+  const vec2d& textureCoordinate(size_t index) const;
+
+  bool hasPerVertexNormals(void) const;
+  bool hasPerVertexTextureCoordinates(void) const;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  triangle& operator=(const triangle& t);  
+  triangle& operator=(triangle&& t); 
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  bool intersect(const ray& r, vec3d& barycentricCoord, float& t) const;
+
+  boundingBox boundingbox(void) const;
+  vec3d vertex(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const;
+  vec3d normal(void) const;
+  vec3d shadingAxis(void) const;
+  vec3d normal(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const;
+  vec2d textureCoordinate(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const;
+
+  vec3d sample(float r1, float r2, vec3d& barycentricCoord, float& pdf) const;
+  float area(void) const;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void swap(triangle& a, triangle& b) { a._swap(b); }
+  
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const triangle& t)
+  {
+    s << "Triangle: v=(" << t.vertex(0)            << "," << t.vertex(1)            << "," << t.vertex(2)            << ")";
+    if(t._normal_list) 
+      s           << ", n=(" << t.normal(0)            << "," << t.normal(1)            << "," << t.normal(2)            << ")";
+    if(t._textureCoord_list) 
+      s           << ", t=(" << t.textureCoordinate(0) << "," << t.textureCoordinate(1) << "," << t.textureCoordinate(2) << ")";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const triangle& t);
+  void _swap(triangle& t); 
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::array<size_t, 3> _vertex_idx;
+  std::array<size_t, 3> _normal_idx;
+  std::array<size_t,3 > _textureCoord_idx;
+  std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>> _vertex_list;
+  std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>> _normal_list;
+  std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec2d>> _textureCoord_list;
+};
+
+#endif /* _TRIANGLE_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/triangleMesh.h b/hw3/include/triangleMesh.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9558602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/triangleMesh.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _TRIANGLEMESH_H_ 
+#define _TRIANGLEMESH_H_ 
+
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "boundedTriangle.h"
+#include "boundedCompound.h"
+
+class triangleMesh : public boundedCompound {
+ public:
+  //////////////////
+  // Constructors //
+  //////////////////
+  triangleMesh(void);
+  triangleMesh(const std::vector<triangle>& triangle_list, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader, const transformation3d& transform=transformation3d());
+  triangleMesh(const triangleMesh&) = delete;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  triangleMesh& operator=(const triangleMesh&) = delete;
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  virtual const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& compounds(void) const final override;
+
+  virtual bool hasShader(void) const override;
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  virtual void _print(std::ostream& s) const override;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>> _triangles;
+};
+
+#endif /* _TRIANGLEMESH_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/util.h b/hw3/include/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2146464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _UTIL_H_
+#define _UTIL_H_
+
+#include <string>
+
+std::string getFilename(const std::string& path);
+std::string getExtension(const std::string& path);
+std::string getDirectory(const std::string& path);
+
+#endif /* _UTIL_H_ */ 
diff --git a/hw3/include/vec2d.h b/hw3/include/vec2d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36e0e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/vec2d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _VEC2D_H_
+#define _VEC2D_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+class vec2d {
+ public:
+  /////////////
+  // Typedef //
+  /////////////
+  typedef float             value_type;
+  typedef value_type&       reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type*       iterator;
+  typedef const value_type* const_iterator;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  union {
+    struct { value_type x, y; };
+    struct { value_type u, v; };
+    value_type data[2];
+  };
+
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  explicit vec2d(const_reference value=0.0f);
+  vec2d(const_reference x, const_reference y);
+  vec2d(const vec2d& v);
+ 
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  static size_t size(void) { return 2; }
+
+  iterator begin(void);
+  const_iterator begin(void) const;
+  iterator end(void);
+  const_iterator end(void) const;
+
+  const_reference  operator[](size_t index) const;
+  reference        operator[](size_t index);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  vec2d& operator=(const vec2d& v);
+
+  bool operator==(const vec2d& v) const;
+  bool operator!=(const vec2d& v) const;
+
+  vec2d operator-(void) const;
+  
+  vec2d operator+(const vec2d& v) const;
+  vec2d operator-(const vec2d& v) const;
+  vec2d operator*(const vec2d& v) const;
+  vec2d operator*(const_reference scale) const;
+  vec2d operator/(const vec2d& v) const;
+  vec2d operator/(const_reference scale) const;
+
+  vec2d& operator+=(const vec2d& v);
+  vec2d& operator-=(const vec2d& v);
+  vec2d& operator*=(const vec2d& v);
+  vec2d& operator*=(const_reference scale);
+  vec2d& operator/=(const vec2d& v);
+  vec2d& operator/=(const_reference scale);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  value_type dot(const vec2d& v) const;
+  value_type squared_length(void) const;
+  value_type length(void) const;
+  value_type squared_distance(const vec2d& v) const;
+  value_type distance(const vec2d& v) const;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Modifiers //
+  ///////////////
+  vec2d& abs(void);
+  vec2d& normalize(void);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void  swap(vec2d& a, vec2d& b) { return a._swap(b); }
+  friend vec2d  normalize(const vec2d& v) { return vec2d(v).normalize(); }
+  friend vec2d  abs(const vec2d& v) { return vec2d(v).abs(); }  
+  friend vec2d operator*(const_reference scale, const vec2d& v) { return (v*scale); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const vec2d& v)
+  {
+    s << "[" << v.x << "," << v.y << "]";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const vec2d& v);
+  void _swap(vec2d& v);
+};
+
+#endif /* _VEC2D_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/include/vec3d.h b/hw3/include/vec3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50d918f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/include/vec3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#ifndef _VEC3D_H_
+#define _VEC3D_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+class vec3d {
+ public:
+  /////////////
+  // Typedef //
+  /////////////
+  typedef float             value_type;
+  typedef value_type&       reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type*       iterator;
+  typedef const value_type* const_iterator;
+
+  //////////////////
+  // Data Members //
+  //////////////////
+  union {
+    struct { value_type x, y, z; };
+    value_type data[3];
+  };
+
+ public:
+  /////////////////
+  // Constructor //
+  /////////////////
+  explicit vec3d(const_reference value=0.0f);
+  vec3d(const_reference x, const_reference y, const_reference z);
+  vec3d(const vec3d& v);
+ 
+  ////////////////
+  // Inspectors //
+  ////////////////
+  static size_t size(void) { return 3; }
+
+  iterator begin(void);
+  const_iterator begin(void) const;
+  iterator end(void);
+  const_iterator end(void) const;
+
+  const_reference  operator[](size_t index) const;
+  reference        operator[](size_t index);
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Operators //
+  ///////////////
+  vec3d& operator=(const vec3d& v);
+
+  bool operator==(const vec3d& v) const;
+  bool operator!=(const vec3d& v) const;
+
+  vec3d operator-(void) const;
+  
+  vec3d operator+(const vec3d& v) const;
+  vec3d operator-(const vec3d& v) const;
+  vec3d operator*(const vec3d& v) const;
+  vec3d operator*(const_reference scale) const;
+  vec3d operator/(const vec3d& v) const;
+  vec3d operator/(const_reference scale) const;
+
+  vec3d& operator+=(const vec3d& v);
+  vec3d& operator-=(const vec3d& v);
+  vec3d& operator*=(const vec3d& v);
+  vec3d& operator*=(const_reference scale);
+  vec3d& operator/=(const vec3d& v);
+  vec3d& operator/=(const_reference scale);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Methods //
+  /////////////
+  value_type dot(const vec3d& v) const;
+  value_type squared_length(void) const;
+  value_type length(void) const;
+  value_type squared_distance(const vec3d& v) const;
+  value_type distance(const vec3d& v) const;
+
+  vec3d cross(const vec3d& v) const;
+
+  ///////////////
+  // Modifiers //
+  ///////////////
+  vec3d& abs(void);
+  vec3d& clamp(value_type lower=0.0f, value_type upper=1.0f); 
+  vec3d& normalize(void);
+
+  /////////////
+  // Friends //
+  /////////////
+  friend void  swap(vec3d& a, vec3d& b) { return a._swap(b); }
+  friend vec3d  normalize(const vec3d& v) { return vec3d(v).normalize(); }
+  friend vec3d  abs(const vec3d& v) { return vec3d(v).abs(); }  
+  friend vec3d  clamp(const vec3d& v, value_type lower=0.0f, value_type upper=1.0f) { return vec3d(v).clamp(lower, upper); }
+  friend vec3d operator*(const_reference scale, const vec3d& v) { return (v*scale); }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const vec3d& v)
+  {
+    s << "[" << v.x << "," << v.y << "," << v.z << "]";
+    return s;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  /////////////////////
+  // Private Methods //
+  /////////////////////
+  void _assign(const vec3d& v);
+  void _swap(vec3d& v);
+};
+
+#endif /* _VEC3D_H_ */
diff --git a/hw3/src/.directory b/hw3/src/.directory
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbba490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/.directory
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[Dolphin]
+Timestamp=2016,2,3,13,46,28
+Version=3
+ViewMode=1
diff --git a/hw3/src/boundedCompound.cpp b/hw3/src/boundedCompound.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f43a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/boundedCompound.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "boundedCompound.h"
+#include "intersector_factory_base.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+boundedCompound::boundedCompound(void)
+  : boundedPrimitive()
+{
+  _transform = transformation3d();
+  _intersector = nullptr;
+}
+
+
+boundedCompound::boundedCompound(const transformation3d& transform, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader)
+				 
+  : boundedPrimitive(boundingBox(), shader)
+{
+  _transform = transform;
+  _intersector = nullptr;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+intersectionPoint boundedCompound::intersect(const ray& r) const
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(_intersector);
+
+  // HW5: Implement this
+  //      Incorporate _transformation in the intersection computation.
+  // Returns: intersectionPoint
+  // Modifies: nothing.
+
+  // pass intersection computation to _intersector
+  intersectionPoint ip = _intersector->intersect(r);
+
+  // Done.
+  return ip;
+}
+
+
+void boundedCompound::initialize(const intersector_factory_base& ifb)
+{
+  // create the _intersector
+  _intersector = ifb(*this);
+}
+ 
+
+void boundedCompound::initializeBoundingBox(void)
+{
+  // compute the bounding box in world coordinates
+  _bb = boundingBox();
+  for_each(compounds().begin(), compounds().end(), [&](const std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>& prim)
+  {
+    _bb += transform(prim->boundingbox(), _transform);
+  });
+}
+
+
+bool boundedCompound::hasShader(void) const
+{
+  // check if this has a shader
+  if(boundedPrimitive::hasShader()) return true;
+
+  // check if each child has a shader
+  for(auto itr = compounds().begin(); itr != compounds().end(); itr++)
+  {
+    if(!(*itr)->hasShader()) return false;
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void boundedCompound::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "boundedCompound (" << _bb << ", " << compounds().size() << " compounds)";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/boundedPrimitive.cpp b/hw3/src/boundedPrimitive.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d328b16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/boundedPrimitive.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "boundedPrimitive.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+boundedPrimitive::boundedPrimitive(void)
+{
+  _bb = boundingBox();
+  _shader = nullptr;
+}
+
+boundedPrimitive::boundedPrimitive(const boundingBox& bb, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader)
+{
+  _bb = bb;
+  _shader = shader;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+const boundingBox& boundedPrimitive::boundingbox(void) const
+{
+  return _bb;
+}
+
+
+bool boundedPrimitive::hitBoundingBox(const ray& r) const
+{
+  return _bb.isHit(r);
+}
+
+
+bool boundedPrimitive::hasShader(void) const
+{
+  return (_shader != nullptr); 
+}  
+
+void boundedPrimitive::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "boundedPrimitive (" << _bb << ")";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/boundedTriangle.cpp b/hw3/src/boundedTriangle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf8a367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/boundedTriangle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "boundedTriangle.h"
+
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+boundedTriangle::boundedTriangle(void)
+  : boundedPrimitive()
+{
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+boundedTriangle::boundedTriangle(const triangle& tri, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader)
+  : boundedPrimitive(tri.boundingbox(), shader)
+{
+  _triangle = tri;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+intersectionPoint boundedTriangle::intersect(const ray& r) const
+{
+  // intersect triangle
+  float t;
+  vec3d bc;
+  bool hit = _triangle.intersect(r, bc, t);
+
+  // empty ip if not hit
+  if(!hit) return intersectionPoint();
+
+  // if hit, create intersectionPoint record.
+  else return intersectionPoint(r, t, _shader, 
+				_triangle.normal(bc),
+				_triangle.shadingAxis(),
+				_triangle.textureCoordinate(bc));
+}
+
+
+void boundedTriangle::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "boundedTriangle (" << _bb << ", " << _triangle << ")";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/boundingBox.cpp b/hw3/src/boundingBox.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9708093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/boundingBox.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "interval.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "boundingBox.h"
+
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+boundingBox::boundingBox(void)
+{
+  // create an empty box (i.e., 'left' lies right of 'right')
+  _lfb = vec3d(+LARGE);
+  _rbt = vec3d(-LARGE);
+}
+
+
+boundingBox::boundingBox(const vec3d& lfb, const vec3d& rbt)
+{
+  _lfb = lfb;
+  _rbt = rbt;
+
+  // Make sure each component in _lfb is smaller than _rbt
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < vec3d::size(); i++)
+    if(_rbt[i] < _lfb[i]) std::swap(_rbt[i], _lfb[i]);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+boundingBox::boundingBox(const boundingBox& bb)
+{
+  _lfb = bb._lfb;
+  _rbt = bb._rbt;
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Operator //
+//////////////
+boundingBox& boundingBox::operator=(const boundingBox& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+  
+
+boundingBox& boundingBox::operator+=(const boundingBox& bb)
+{
+  // compute the union of two bounding boxes
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < vec3d::size(); i++)
+  {
+    if(_lfb[i] > bb._lfb[i]) _lfb[i] = bb._lfb[i];
+    if(_rbt[i] < bb._rbt[i]) _rbt[i] = bb._rbt[i];
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+boundingBox boundingBox::operator+(const boundingBox& bb) const
+{
+  boundingBox result(*this);
+  result += bb;
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+boundingBox& boundingBox::operator+=(const vec3d& point)
+{
+  // expand the bounding box to include 'point' (+ a small epsilon)
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < vec3d::size(); i++)
+  {
+    if(_lfb[i] > point[i]-EPSILON) _lfb[i] = point[i]-EPSILON;
+    if(_rbt[i] < point[i]+EPSILON) _rbt[i] = point[i]+EPSILON;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+bool boundingBox::isHit(const ray& r) const
+{
+  // init
+  interval boxInterval(0, +LARGE);
+
+  // for every slab
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i != vec3d::size(); i++)
+  {
+    // compute the slab
+    interval slab(_lfb[i], _rbt[i]);
+    slab -= r.origin()[i];
+
+    // check for the case where the ray is parallel to the slab
+    if(fabs(r.direction()[i]) < EPSILON)
+    {
+      // if identical signs => no hit
+      if((slab.lower() < 0.0f) == (slab.upper() < 0.0f))
+	return false;
+
+      // skip remainder to this iteration
+      continue;
+    }
+    else
+      slab /= r.direction()[i];
+
+    // intersect
+    boxInterval.intersect(slab);
+    if(boxInterval.empty())
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return true;  
+}
+
+
+vec3d boundingBox::center(void) const
+{
+  return 0.5f * (_lfb + _rbt);
+}
+
+
+vec3d boundingBox::corner(bool left, bool front, bool bottom) const
+{
+  return vec3d( left ? _lfb.x : _rbt.x,
+		front ? _lfb.y : _rbt.y,
+		bottom ? _lfb.z : _rbt.z );
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+boundingBox& boundingBox::transform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  boundingBox result;
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i <= 1; i++)
+    for(unsigned int j=0; j <= 1; j++)
+      for(unsigned int k=0; k <= 1; k++)
+	result += t.transformPoint(corner(i,j,k));
+
+  // Done.
+  _swap(result);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+boundingBox& boundingBox::inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  boundingBox result;
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i <= 1; i++)
+    for(unsigned int j=0; j <= 1; j++)
+      for(unsigned int k=0; k <= 1; k++)
+	result += t.inverseTransformPoint(corner(i,j,k));
+
+  // Done.
+  _swap(result);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void boundingBox::_swap(boundingBox& bb)
+{
+  swap(_lfb, bb._lfb);
+  swap(_rbt, bb._rbt);
+}
+
+
+void boundingBox::_assign(const boundingBox& bb)
+{
+  _lfb = bb._lfb;
+  _rbt = bb._rbt;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/camera.cpp b/hw3/src/camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3393dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "camera.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+camera::camera(void)
+{
+  _eye = vec3d();
+  _view = vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
+  _up = vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
+  _fov = 60.0f;
+  _width = _height = 256;
+}
+
+
+camera::camera(const vec3d& eye, const vec3d& viewDirection, const vec3d& up, float fov, size_t xres, size_t yres)
+{
+  _eye = eye;
+  _view = normalize(viewDirection);
+  _up = normalize(up);
+  _fov = fov;
+  _width = xres;
+  _height = yres;
+
+  // fix up if needed
+  vec3d right = _view.cross(up).normalize();
+  _up = right.cross(_view).normalize();
+}
+
+
+camera::camera(const camera& cam)
+{
+  _eye = cam._eye;
+  _view = cam._view;
+  _up = cam._up;
+  _fov = cam._fov;
+  _width = cam._width;
+  _height = cam._height;
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+camera& camera::operator=(const camera& cam)
+{
+  _assign(cam);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+ray camera::operator()(float x, float y) const
+{
+  vec3d right = _view.cross(_up).normalize();
+
+  // aspect ratio
+  float aspect = (float)(_height) / (float)(_width);
+  float tanFov = tan(_fov / 180.0f * PI);
+
+  // compute view plane center, and U and V unnormalized axes.
+  vec3d center = _eye + _view;
+  vec3d U = 2.0f * tanFov * right;
+  vec3d V = -2.0f * tanFov * aspect * _up;  // y runs from top to bottom (opposite direction of up)
+
+  // get point on view plane
+  vec3d p = center + (x / (float)(_width) - 0.5f) * U + (y / (float)(_height) - 0.5f) * V;
+
+  // Done.
+  return ray(_eye, p - _eye);
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+void camera::frameBoundingBox(const boundingBox& bb)
+{
+  // determine the best eye location, given the other parameters and a bounding box such that the bounding box maximally occupies the view
+  vec3d right = _view.cross(_up).normalize();
+  _eye = 0.5f * (bb.corner(true,true,true) + bb.corner(false,false,false));
+
+  // => find max projection in up and right direction.
+  float maxRight=-LARGE, maxUp=-LARGE, maxDepth=-LARGE;
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < 8; i++)
+  {
+    vec3d c = bb.corner( (i&1)==1, (i&2)==2, (i&4)==4 ) - _eye;
+    
+    float r = fabs(c.dot(right));
+    float u = fabs(c.dot(_up));
+    float d = fabs(c.dot(_view));
+
+    maxRight = std::max(maxRight, r);
+    maxUp = std::max(maxUp, u);
+    maxDepth = std::max(maxDepth, d);
+  }
+
+  // => compute optimal distance for up and right
+  float aspect = (float)(_height) / (float)(_width);
+  float tanFov = tan(_fov / 180.0f * PI);
+  float optDistUp = fabs(maxUp / tanFov);
+  float optDistRight = fabs(maxRight / (tanFov * aspect));
+  
+  // => move _eye back based on (max) optimal distance
+  _eye -= _view * (std::max(optDistUp, optDistRight) + maxDepth);
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void camera::_swap(camera& cam)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(&cam == this) return;
+
+  // swap
+  swap(_eye, cam._eye);
+  swap(_view, cam._view);
+  swap(_up, cam._up);
+  std::swap(_fov, cam._fov);
+  std::swap(_width, cam._width);
+  std::swap(_height, cam._height);
+}
+
+
+void camera::_assign(const camera& cam)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(&cam == this) return;
+
+  // copy
+  _eye = cam._eye;
+  _view = cam._view;
+  _up = cam._up;
+  _fov = cam._fov;
+  _width = cam._width;
+  _height = cam._height;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/color.cpp b/hw3/src/color.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2b720f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/color.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "color.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+color::color(color::const_reference value)
+{ 
+  r = g = b = value;
+}
+
+
+color::color(color::const_reference r, color::const_reference g, color::const_reference b) 
+{
+  this->r = r;
+  this->g = g;
+  this->b = b;
+}
+
+
+color::color(const color& col)
+{
+  r = col.r;
+  g = col.g;
+  b = col.b;
+}
+ 
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+color::const_reference color::operator[](size_t index) const 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+color::reference color::operator[](size_t index) 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+color::iterator color::begin(void)
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+color::const_iterator color::begin(void) const
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+color::iterator color::end(void) 
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+color::const_iterator color::end(void) const
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+color& color::operator=(const color& col) 
+{ 
+  _assign(col); 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+bool color::operator==(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return (r == col.r) && (g == col.g) && (b == col.b); 
+}
+
+
+bool color::operator!=(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return (r != col.r) || (g != col.g) || (b != col.b); 
+}
+  
+
+color color::operator+(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r + col.r, g + col.g, b + col.b); 
+}
+
+
+color color::operator-(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r - col.r, g - col.g, b - col.b); 
+}
+
+
+color color::operator*(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r * col.r, g * col.g, b * col.b); 
+}
+
+
+color color::operator*(color::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r * scale, g * scale, b * scale); 
+}
+
+
+color color::operator/(const color& col) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r / col.r, g / col.g, b / col.b); 
+}
+
+
+color color::operator/(color::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return color(r / scale, g / scale, b / scale); 
+}
+
+
+color& color::operator+=(const color& col) 
+{ 
+  r += col.r; 
+  g += col.g; 
+  b += col.b; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+color& color::operator-=(const color& col) 
+{ 
+  r -= col.r; 
+  g -= col.g; 
+  b -= col.b; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+color& color::operator*=(const color& col) 
+{ 
+  r *= col.r; 
+  g *= col.g;
+  b *= col.b;  
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+color& color::operator*=(color::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  r *= scale; 
+  g *= scale; 
+  b *= scale; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+color& color::operator/=(const color& col) 
+{ 
+  r /= col.r; 
+  g /= col.g; 
+  b /= col.b; 
+  return *this; 
+}							
+
+
+color& color::operator/=(color::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  r /= scale; 
+  g /= scale; 
+  b /= scale; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////
+// Modifiers //
+///////////////
+color& color::abs(void)
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [](reference val) 
+  { 
+    if(val<0) val = -val;
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+color& color::clamp(const_reference lowerBound, const_reference upperBound)
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [&](reference val) 
+  { 
+    if(val < lowerBound) val = lowerBound;
+    else if(val > upperBound) val = upperBound; 
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void color::_assign(const color& col)
+{ 
+  r = col.r;  
+  g = col.g; 
+  b = col.b; 
+}
+
+
+void color::_swap(color& col) 
+{
+  std::swap(r, col.r);
+  std::swap(g, col.g);
+  std::swap(b, col.b);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/compoundShader.cpp b/hw3/src/compoundShader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e19f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/compoundShader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "compoundShader.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+compoundShader::compoundShader(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>>& shader_list)
+  : shader_base()
+{
+  _compound = shader_list;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+color compoundShader::shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const
+{
+  color result(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+  for_each(_compound.begin(), _compound.end(), [&](const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader)
+  {
+    result += shader->shade(ip, light_dir);
+  });
+
+  // Done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties compoundShader::properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const
+{
+  // if any component has a property set, then set it for the compound
+  shaderProperties result(false, false);
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < _compound.size(); i++)
+    result |= _compound[i]->properties(ip);
+
+  // Done.
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+void compoundShader::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Compound Shader (" << _compound.size() << " components): {";
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < _compound.size(); i++)
+  {
+    s << *_compound[i];
+    if(i != _compound.size()-1) s << ", ";
+  }
+  s << "}";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/coordinateTransform.cpp b/hw3/src/coordinateTransform.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e19f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/coordinateTransform.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "coordinateTransform.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+coordinateTransformation::coordinateTransformation(void)
+{
+  // do nothing
+}
+
+
+coordinateTransformation::coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& normal)
+{
+  // normal == Z axis
+  vec3d X, Y, Z = normalize(normal);
+  
+  // select Y axis
+  if(fabs(Z.x) < fabs(Z.y) && fabs(Z.x) < fabs(Z.z))
+    Y = normalize(vec3d(0.0f, Z.z, -Z.y));
+  else if(fabs(Z.y) < fabs(Z.z))
+    Y = normalize(vec3d(Z.z, 0.0f, -Z.x));
+  else
+    Y = normalize(vec3d(Z.y, -Z.x, 0.0f));
+  
+  // create other axis
+  X = Y.cross(Z).normalize();
+
+  // copy
+  _transformation = mat3d(X, Y, Z);
+  _inverseTransformation = transpose(_transformation);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+coordinateTransformation::coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& normal, const vec3d& axis)
+{
+  // normal == Z axis
+  vec3d Z = normalize(normal);
+  
+  // create other axis
+  vec3d axis_normalized = normalize(axis);
+  vec3d Y = Z.cross(axis_normalized).normalize();
+  vec3d X = Y.cross(Z).normalize();
+
+  // copy
+  _transformation = mat3d(X, Y, Z);
+  _inverseTransformation = transpose(_transformation);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+coordinateTransformation::coordinateTransformation(const vec3d& X, const vec3d& Y, const vec3d& Z)
+{
+  // trust user to provide an orthogonal set of vectors.
+  _transformation = mat3d(X, Y, Z);
+  _inverseTransformation = transpose(_transformation);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/diffuseBrdf.cpp b/hw3/src/diffuseBrdf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..849e341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/diffuseBrdf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cmath>
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "diffuseBrdf.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+diffuseBrdf::diffuseBrdf(const color& albedo)
+{
+  _albedo = albedo;
+}
+
+
+diffuseBrdf::diffuseBrdf(const diffuseBrdf& src)
+{
+  _albedo = src._albedo;
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+diffuseBrdf& diffuseBrdf::operator=(const diffuseBrdf& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+color diffuseBrdf::shade(const vec3d& in, const vec3d& out) const
+{
+  // HW3: Implement this.
+  //      Returns the shaded color from a diffuse surface for an
+  //      incident lighting direction of 'in'. The surface normal = (0,0,1).
+  // Returns: shaded color
+  // Modifies: nothing.
+  if (out.z < EPSILON) { return color(0.0f); }
+
+  vec3d normal;
+  float normal_dot_in;
+
+  normal = vec3d(0, 0, 1);
+  normal_dot_in = normal.dot(in);
+  return color(_albedo * normal_dot_in);
+}
+
+
+bool diffuseBrdf::isSpecular(void) const
+{
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+bool diffuseBrdf::isDiffuse(void) const
+{
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void diffuseBrdf::_assign(const diffuseBrdf& src)
+{
+  _albedo = src._albedo;
+}
+
+
+void diffuseBrdf::_swap(diffuseBrdf& src)
+{
+  swap(_albedo, src._albedo);
+}
+
+void diffuseBrdf::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Diffuse BRDF: albedo=" << _albedo;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/diffuseReflectanceShader.cpp b/hw3/src/diffuseReflectanceShader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fc9d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/diffuseReflectanceShader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "diffuseReflectanceShader.h"
+
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+diffuseReflectanceShader::diffuseReflectanceShader(const colorReflectanceParameter& albedo)
+  : reflectanceShader_base()
+{
+  _albedo = albedo;
+} 
+
+
+///////////////////////
+// Protected Methods //
+///////////////////////
+std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> diffuseReflectanceShader::make_brdf(const vec2d& textureCoord) const
+{
+  return std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base>(new diffuseBrdf( _albedo(textureCoord) ));
+}
+
+
+void diffuseReflectanceShader::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Diffuse Reflectance: albedo=" << _albedo;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/directionalLightsource.cpp b/hw3/src/directionalLightsource.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c53895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/directionalLightsource.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "directionalLightsource.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+directionalLightsource::directionalLightsource(const vec3d& direction, const color& power)
+{
+  _direction = normalize(direction);
+  _power = power;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+lightSample directionalLightsource::intensityAt(const vec3d& point) const
+{
+  return lightSample(_direction, _power, +LARGE);
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void directionalLightsource::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Directional Lightsource: direction=" << _direction << ", power=" << _power;  
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/errorMessage.cpp b/hw3/src/errorMessage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3eddb6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/errorMessage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+void errorMessage(const char* msg, ...)
+{
+  printf("ERROR: ");
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, msg);
+  vprintf(msg, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  printf("\r\n");
+  exit(-1);
+}
+
+
+void warningMessage(const char* msg, ...)
+{
+  printf("WARNING: ");
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, msg);
+  vprintf(msg, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  printf("\r\n");
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/image.cpp b/hw3/src/image.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59434cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/image.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "image.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+image::image(image::size_type width, image::size_type height) : _width(width), _height(height), _data()
+{
+  if(width != 0 && height != 0)
+    _data.reset(new value_type[width*height]);
+}
+
+
+image::image(image::size_type width, image::size_type height, const_reference col) : image(width, height)
+{
+  std::fill(begin(), end(), col);
+}
+
+
+image::image(const image& src) : image(src.width(), src.height())
+{
+  std::copy(src.begin(), src.end(), begin());
+}
+
+
+image::image(image&& src)
+{
+  _swap(src);
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+image::iterator image::begin(void)
+{
+  return _data.get();
+}
+
+
+image::const_iterator image::begin(void) const
+{
+  return _data.get();
+}
+
+
+image::iterator image::end(void)
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+image::const_iterator image::end(void) const
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+image& image::operator=(const image& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+image& image::operator=(image&& src)
+{
+  _swap(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+image::reference image::operator()(image::size_type x, image::size_type y)
+{
+  assert(x >= 0 && x < width());
+  assert(y >= 0 && y < height());
+  return begin()[y*width() + x];
+}
+
+
+image::const_reference image::operator()(image::size_type x, image::size_type y) const
+{
+  assert(x >= 0 && x < width());
+  assert(y >= 0 && y < height());
+  return begin()[y*width() + x];
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void image::_swap(image& img)
+{
+  std::swap(_width, img._width);
+  std::swap(_height, img._height);
+  std::swap(_data, img._data);
+}
+
+
+void image::_assign(const image& src)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(&src == this) return;
+
+  // make copy
+  image temp(src);
+  _swap(temp);
+
+  // Done
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/imageIO.cpp b/hw3/src/imageIO.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee716b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/imageIO.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "util.h"
+#include "imageIO.h"
+#include "imageIO.ppm.h"
+#include "imageIO.pfm.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+
+////////////
+// Import //
+////////////
+void importImage(const std::string& name, image& img)
+{
+  // get extension
+  std::string ext = getExtension(name);
+  if(ext == "") errorMessage("Unable to determine extension in '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // call image format handler based on extension
+  if(ext == "PPM" || ext == "ppm") importPPM(name, img);
+  else if(ext == "PFM" || ext == "pfm") importPFM(name, img);
+  else errorMessage("Unknown image format: '%s'.", ext.c_str());
+}
+
+
+////////////
+// Export //
+////////////
+void exportImage(const std::string& name, const image& img)
+{
+  // get extension
+  std::string ext = getExtension(name);
+  if(ext == "") errorMessage("Unable to determine extension in '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // call image format handler based on extension
+  if(ext == "PPM" || ext == "ppm") exportPPM(name, img);
+  else if(ext == "PFM" || ext == "pfm") exportPFM(name, img);
+  else errorMessage("Unknown image format: '%s'.", ext.c_str());
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/imageIO.pfm.cpp b/hw3/src/imageIO.pfm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85604a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/imageIO.pfm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "imageIO.pfm.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <fstream>
+
+//////////////////////
+// Helper functions //
+//////////////////////
+static void skipToNewline(std::ifstream& ifs)
+{
+  while(ifs.get() != '\n' && ifs.good()); 
+}
+
+static void skipComments(std::ifstream& ifs)
+{
+  while(!ifs.eof() && ifs.peek() == '#') skipToNewline(ifs); 
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Import PFM //
+////////////////
+void importPFM(const std::string& name, image& img)
+{
+  // open file
+  std::ifstream ifs(name.c_str());
+  if(!ifs.is_open()) errorMessage("Unable to open file: '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // read header
+  std::string magicMark;
+  ifs >> magicMark;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+  if(magicMark != "PF") errorMessage("Unsupported PFM format (%s).", magicMark.c_str());
+
+  // read width and height
+  image::size_type width, height;
+  skipComments(ifs);
+  ifs >> width >> height;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+
+  // allocate
+  img = image(width, height);
+
+  // check magic number (again)
+  skipComments(ifs);
+  ifs >> magicMark;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+  if(magicMark != "-1.000000") errorMessage("Unsupported byte-order in PFM.");
+
+  // read directly in float image
+  ifs.read((char *)(img.begin()), img.size() * sizeof(color));
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Export PFM //
+////////////////
+void exportPFM(const std::string& name, const image& img)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(img.width() != 0 && img.height() != 0);
+
+  // open file
+  std::ofstream ofs(name.c_str(), std::ofstream::binary);
+  if(!ofs.is_open()) errorMessage("Unable to open file: '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // write header
+  ofs << "PF\n" << img.width() << " " << img.height() << "\n-1.000000\n";
+
+  // write float buffer
+  ofs.write((const char*)(img.begin()), img.size() * sizeof(color));
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/imageIO.ppm.cpp b/hw3/src/imageIO.ppm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a92acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/imageIO.ppm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "imageIO.ppm.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+//////////////////////
+// Helper functions //
+//////////////////////
+static void skipToNewline(std::ifstream& ifs)
+{
+  while(ifs.get() != '\n' && ifs.good()); 
+}
+
+static void skipComments(std::ifstream& ifs)
+{
+  while(!ifs.eof() && ifs.peek() == '#') skipToNewline(ifs); 
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Import PPM //
+////////////////
+void importPPM(const std::string& name, image& img)
+{
+  // open file
+  std::ifstream ifs(name.c_str());
+  if(!ifs.is_open()) errorMessage("Unable to open file: '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // read header
+  std::string magicMark;
+  ifs >> magicMark;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+  if(magicMark != "P6") errorMessage("Unsupported PPM format (%s).", magicMark.c_str());
+
+  // read width & height
+  image::size_type width, height;
+  skipComments(ifs);
+  ifs >> width >> height;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+
+  // allocate
+  img = image(width, height);
+
+  // check magic number (again)
+  skipComments(ifs);
+  ifs >> magicMark;
+  skipToNewline(ifs);
+  if(magicMark != "255") errorMessage("Unsupported bit-depth in PPM file (%s).", magicMark.c_str());
+
+  // read char buffer
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> tempBuffer(new uint8_t[img.size() * 3]);
+  ifs.read((char *)(tempBuffer.get()), img.size() * 3);
+
+  // convert to image
+  std::transform(tempBuffer.get(), tempBuffer.get() + (img.size()*3), img.begin()->begin(), [](uint8_t val) 
+  { 
+    return (float)(val) / 255.0f; 
+  });
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Export PPM //
+////////////////
+void exportPPM(const std::string& name, const image& img)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(img.width() != 0 && img.height() != 0);
+
+  // open file
+  std::ofstream ofs(name.c_str(), std::ofstream::binary);
+  if(!ofs.is_open()) errorMessage("Unable to open file: '%s'.", name.c_str());
+
+  // write header
+  ofs << "P6\n" << img.width() << " " << img.height() << "\n" << "255\n";
+
+  // convert to char buffer
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> tempBuffer(new uint8_t[img.size() * 3]);
+  std::transform(img.begin()->begin(), img.end()->begin(), tempBuffer.get(), [](float val)
+  { 
+    return (val < 0.0f) ? 0 : 
+           (val > 1.0f) ? 255 : 
+           uint8_t(val*255); 
+   });
+    
+  // write body
+  ofs.write((const char*)(tempBuffer.get()), img.size() * 3);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/importOBJ.cpp b/hw3/src/importOBJ.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31df7a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/importOBJ.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "importOBJ.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+void importOBJ(const std::string filename, std::vector<triangle>& triangle_list)
+{
+  // define buffers
+  auto vertex_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec3d>>();
+  auto normal_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec3d>>();
+  auto textureCoord_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec2d>>();
+
+  // open obj file
+  std::ifstream ifs(filename);
+  if(!ifs.is_open()) 
+    errorMessage("Unable to import OBJ (%s).", filename.c_str());
+
+  // read line by line
+  unsigned char key;
+  while(ifs.good())
+  {
+    // get key
+    key = ifs.get();
+
+    // COMMENTS:
+    if(key == '#' || key == ' ') 
+    {
+      std::string comment;
+      ifs >> comment;  // comment: skip line
+    }
+
+    // VERTEX DATA:
+    else if(key == 'v')
+    {
+      // get vertex data
+      key = ifs.get();
+
+      // Vertex Coordinate
+      if(key == ' ') 
+      {
+	vec3d v;
+	ifs >> v.x >> v.y >> v.z;
+	vertex_list->push_back(v);
+      }
+
+      // Texture Coordinate
+      else if(key == 't')
+      {
+	vec2d t;
+	ifs >> t.u >> t.v;
+	textureCoord_list->push_back(t);
+      }
+
+      // Normal
+      else if(key == 'n')  
+      {
+	vec3d n;
+	ifs >> n.x >> n.y >> n.z;
+	normal_list->push_back(n);
+      }
+
+      // Unknown => ERROR
+      else errorMessage("Unknown OBJ vertex-key: v%c.", key);
+    }
+
+    // POLYGON:
+    else if(key == 'f')
+    {
+      // temp data structures 
+      std::vector<unsigned int> vidx;
+      std::vector<unsigned int> nidx;
+      std::vector<unsigned int> tidx;
+      
+
+      // get polygon data
+      // can be either: 
+      // 1)  v0 v1 .. vn
+      // 2)  v0//n0 v1//n1 .. vn//nn
+      // 3)  v0/t0 v1/t1 ... vn/tn
+      // 4)  v0/t0/n0 ... vn/tn/nn
+      bool done=false;
+      while(!done)
+      {
+	// read entry
+	signed int vi, vt=-1, vn=-1;
+	ifs >> vi;
+	unsigned char c = ifs.get();
+
+	if(c == '/')
+	{
+	  c = ifs.get();
+	  if(c != '/') { ifs.unget(); ifs >> vt; c = ifs.get(); }
+	  if(c == '/') { ifs >> vn; }
+	}
+
+	// store in polygon
+        if(vt != -1) tidx.push_back(vt-1);
+        if(vn != -1) nidx.push_back(vn-1);
+        if(vi != -1) vidx.push_back(vi-1);
+
+	// check if we did not eat the end-of-line chararters
+	ifs.unget();
+	c = ifs.get();
+	if(c == '\r' || c == '\n') done = true;
+
+	// eat remaining spaces
+	c  = ifs.get();
+	while(c == ' ')
+	  c = ifs.get();
+
+	// check again for end
+	if(c == '\r' || c == '\n') done = true;
+	ifs.unget();
+
+        // sanity check
+        assert(tidx.empty() || tidx.size() == vidx.size());
+        assert(nidx.empty() || nidx.size() == vidx.size());
+
+        // store triangle
+        if(vidx.size() >= 3)
+        {
+          size_t m=vidx.size() - 2;
+          size_t l=vidx.size() - 1;
+          if(tidx.empty() && nidx.empty()) triangle_list.push_back( triangle(vidx[0], vidx[m], vidx[l], vertex_list) );
+          if(tidx.empty() && !nidx.empty()) triangle_list.push_back( triangle(vidx[0], vidx[m], vidx[l], vertex_list,
+									      nidx[0], nidx[m], nidx[l], normal_list) );
+          if(!tidx.empty() && nidx.empty()) triangle_list.push_back( triangle(vidx[0], vidx[m], vidx[l], vertex_list,
+									      tidx[0], tidx[m], tidx[l], textureCoord_list) );
+          if(!tidx.empty() && !nidx.empty()) triangle_list.push_back( triangle(vidx[0], vidx[m], vidx[l], vertex_list,
+									       nidx[0], nidx[m], nidx[l], normal_list,
+									       tidx[0], tidx[m], tidx[l], textureCoord_list) );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/intersectionPoint.cpp b/hw3/src/intersectionPoint.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cec67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/intersectionPoint.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+#include "shader_base.h"
+#include "intersectionPoint.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+intersectionPoint::intersectionPoint(void)
+{
+  _hit = false;
+}
+
+
+intersectionPoint::intersectionPoint(const ray& r, float rayParameter, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader, const vec3d& normal, const vec3d& U, const vec2d& textureCoordinate)
+{
+  // copy
+  _ray = r;
+  _rayParameter = rayParameter;
+  _hit = true;
+  _shader = shader;
+  _normal = normalize(normal);
+  _U = normalize(U);
+  _textureCoordinate = textureCoordinate;
+
+  // compute position
+  _position = _ray(_rayParameter);
+}
+
+
+intersectionPoint::intersectionPoint(const intersectionPoint& ip)
+{
+  _hit = ip._hit;
+
+  // copy remainder if hit
+  if(_hit)
+  {
+    _ray = ip._ray;
+    _rayParameter = ip._rayParameter;
+    _shader = ip._shader;
+    _normal = ip._normal;
+    _position = ip._position;
+    _U = ip._U;
+    _textureCoordinate = ip._textureCoordinate;
+  }
+  else _shader = nullptr;
+}
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+intersectionPoint& intersectionPoint::operator=(const intersectionPoint& ip)
+{
+  _assign(ip);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+bool intersectionPoint::operator<(const intersectionPoint& ip) const
+{
+  // handle case where either one of the intersectionPoints is not a hit
+  // => assume no-hit equals a hit at infinity
+  if(!_hit) return false;
+  if(!ip._hit) return true;
+
+  // decide based on rayParameter
+  return _rayParameter < ip._rayParameter;
+}
+
+
+bool intersectionPoint::operator>(const intersectionPoint& ip) const
+{
+  // handle case where either one of the intersectionPoints is not a hit
+  // => assume no-hit equals a hit at infinity
+  if(!_hit) return true;
+  if(!ip._hit) return false;
+
+  // decide based on rayParameter
+  return _rayParameter > ip._rayParameter;
+}
+
+
+bool intersectionPoint::operator<(const lightSample& ls) const
+{
+  // handle case where this is not a hit
+  if(!_hit) return false;
+
+  // decide based on rayParameter
+  return _rayParameter < ls.distance();
+}
+
+
+bool intersectionPoint::operator>(const lightSample& ls) const
+{
+  // handle case where this is not a hit
+  if(!_hit) return true;
+
+  // decide based on rayParameter
+  return _rayParameter > ls.distance();
+}
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+bool intersectionPoint::isHit(void) const
+{
+  return _hit;
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties intersectionPoint::getShaderProperties(void) const
+{
+  assert(hasShader());
+  return _shader->properties(*this);
+}
+
+
+bool intersectionPoint::hasShader(void) const
+{
+  return (_shader != nullptr);
+}
+
+
+float intersectionPoint::distance(const intersectionPoint& ip) const
+{
+  // set distance to infinity of one of the two points is not a hit
+  if(!_hit || !ip._hit) return +LARGE;
+
+  // compute distance
+  return _position.distance(ip._position);
+}
+
+
+const vec3d& intersectionPoint::position(void) const
+{
+  return _position;
+}
+
+
+const vec3d& intersectionPoint::direction(void) const
+{
+  return _ray.direction();
+}
+
+
+const vec2d& intersectionPoint::textureCoordinate(void) const
+{
+  return _textureCoordinate;
+}
+
+
+const vec3d& intersectionPoint::normal(void) const
+{
+  return _normal;
+}
+
+
+coordinateTransformation intersectionPoint::shadingFrame(void) const
+{
+  // transform => to global shading frame
+  // inverseTransform => to local shading frame
+  return coordinateTransformation(_normal, _U);
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+void intersectionPoint::transform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!_hit) return;
+
+  /// transform
+  _ray.transform(t);
+  _position = t.transformPoint(_position);
+  _normal = t.transformNormal(_normal);
+  _U = t.transformNormal(_U);
+
+  // recompute the ray parameter (to account for potential scaling)
+  _rayParameter = _ray(_position);
+}
+
+
+void intersectionPoint::inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!_hit) return;
+
+  // inverse transform
+  _ray.inverseTransform(t);
+  _position = t.inverseTransformPoint(_position);
+  _normal = t.inverseTransformNormal(_normal);
+  _U = t.inverseTransformNormal(_U);
+
+  // recompute the ray parameter (to account for potential scaling)
+  _rayParameter = _ray(_position);
+}
+
+
+void intersectionPoint::transformShadingFrame(const transformation3d& sft)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!_hit) return;
+
+  // Note: shading frame transformation are defined
+  //       with respect to the local shading frame (i.e., N=Z, U=X)
+  transformation3d t = shadingFrame();
+
+  // transform
+  _normal = t.transformNormal( sft.transformNormal(vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)) );
+  _U = t.transformNormal( sft.transformNormal(vec3d(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)) );
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+void intersectionPoint::inverseTransformShadingFrame(const transformation3d& sft)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!_hit) return;
+
+  // Note: shading frame transformation are defined
+  //       with respect to the local shading frame (i.e., N=Z, U=X)
+  // Note: this transformation will not undo the effects of
+  //       transformShadingFrame since the local shading frame
+  //       is altered by the transformation (and thus the frame
+  //       with respect to which the inverseTransformation is
+  //       applied)
+  transformation3d t = shadingFrame();
+
+  // transform
+  _normal = t.transformNormal( sft.inverseTransformNormal(vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)) );
+  _U = t.transformNormal( sft.inverseTransformNormal(vec3d(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)) );
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+void intersectionPoint::setShader(const std::shared_ptr<const class shader_base>& shader)
+{
+  _shader = shader;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+color intersectionPoint::shade(const vec3d& out) const
+{
+  assert(hasShader());
+  if(!_hit) return color(0.0f);
+  return _shader->shade(*this, out);
+}
+
+color intersectionPoint::shade(const lightSample& ls) const
+{
+  // HW3: Implement this.
+  //      Returns the color of shading the intersectionPoint with the light source ls.
+  // Returns: shaded color
+  // Modifies: nothing.
+  assert(_shader);
+  if (!_hit) { return color(0.0f); }
+  return _shader->shade(*this, ls.directionToLight()) * ls.emittance();
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void intersectionPoint::_assign(const intersectionPoint& ip)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(&ip == this) return;
+
+  // copy if hit
+  _hit = ip._hit;
+  if(_hit)
+  {
+    _ray = ip._ray;
+    _rayParameter = ip._rayParameter;
+    _position = ip._position;
+    _normal = ip._normal;
+    _U = ip._U;
+    _textureCoordinate = ip._textureCoordinate;
+    _shader = ip._shader;
+  }
+  else _shader = nullptr;
+}
+
+
+void intersectionPoint::_swap(intersectionPoint& ip)
+{
+  swap(_ray, ip._ray);
+  std::swap(_hit, ip._hit);
+  std::swap(_rayParameter, ip._rayParameter);
+  swap(_position, ip._position);
+  swap(_normal, ip._normal);
+  swap(_U, ip._U);
+  swap(_textureCoordinate, ip._textureCoordinate);
+  std::swap(_shader, ip._shader);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/interval.cpp b/hw3/src/interval.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4323cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/interval.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "interval.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constrructor //
+//////////////////
+interval::interval(float lower, float upper)
+{
+  _lower = lower;
+  _upper = upper;
+
+  // ensure that _lower < _upper
+  if(_upper < _lower) std::swap(_upper, _lower);
+}
+
+
+interval::interval(const interval& i)
+{
+  _lower = i._lower;
+  _upper = i._upper;
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+interval& interval::operator=(const interval& i)
+{
+  _assign(i);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+interval interval::operator+(float v) const
+{
+  return interval(_lower + v, _upper + v); 
+}
+
+
+interval interval::operator-(float v) const
+{
+  return interval(_lower - v, _upper - v); 
+}
+
+
+interval interval::operator*(float v) const
+{
+  return interval(_lower * v, _upper * v); 
+}
+
+
+interval interval::operator/(float v) const
+{
+  return interval(_lower / v, _upper / v); 
+}
+    
+
+interval& interval::operator+=(float v)
+{
+  _lower += v;
+  _upper += v;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+interval& interval::operator-=(float v)
+{
+  _lower -= v;
+  _upper -= v;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+interval& interval::operator*=(float v)
+{
+  _lower *= v;
+  _upper *= v;
+
+  // ensure that _lower < _upper
+  if(_upper < _lower) std::swap(_upper, _lower);
+
+  // Done.
+  return *this;
+}
+
+interval& interval::operator/=(float v)
+{
+  _lower /= v;
+  _upper /= v;
+
+  // ensure that _lower < _upper
+  if(_upper < _lower) std::swap(_upper, _lower);
+
+  // Done.
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+float interval::lower(void) const
+{
+  return _lower;
+}
+
+
+float interval::upper(void) const
+{
+  return _upper;
+}
+
+
+bool interval::empty(void) const
+{
+  return (_upper - _lower < EPSILON);
+}
+
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+void interval::intersect(const interval& i)
+{
+  _lower = std::max(_lower, i._lower);
+  _upper = std::min(_upper, i._upper);
+}
+
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void interval::_assign(const interval& i)
+{
+  _lower = i._lower;
+  _upper = i._upper;
+}
+
+
+void interval::_swap(interval& i)
+{
+  std::swap(_lower, i._lower);
+  std::swap(_upper, i._upper);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/lightSample.cpp b/hw3/src/lightSample.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5304a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/lightSample.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cmath>
+#include "lightSample.h"
+
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+lightSample::lightSample(const vec3d& direction,
+			 const color& emittance,
+			 float distance,
+			 float pdf,
+			 float foreshortening)
+{
+  float length = direction.length();
+  _direction = (length < EPSILON) ? vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) : direction / length;
+  _emittance = emittance;
+  _distance = distance;
+  _pdf = std::max(pdf, 0.0f);
+  _foreshortening = std::max(foreshortening, 0.0f);
+}
+
+
+lightSample::lightSample(const lightSample& ls)
+{
+  _direction = ls._direction;
+  _emittance = ls._emittance;
+  _distance = ls._distance;
+  _pdf = ls._pdf;
+  _foreshortening = ls._foreshortening;
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+lightSample& lightSample::operator=(const lightSample& ls)
+{
+  _assign(ls);
+  return(*this);
+}
+
+
+const color& lightSample::operator()(void) const
+{
+  return _emittance;
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+const vec3d& lightSample::directionToPoint(void) const
+{
+  return _direction;
+}
+
+
+vec3d lightSample::directionToLight(void) const
+{
+  return -_direction;
+}
+  
+
+const color& lightSample::emittance(void) const
+{
+  return _emittance;
+}
+
+
+float lightSample::distance(void) const
+{
+  return _distance;
+}
+
+
+float lightSample::pdf(void) const
+{
+  return _pdf;
+}
+
+
+float lightSample::foreshortening(void) const
+{
+  return _foreshortening;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void lightSample::_assign(const lightSample& ls)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(&ls == this) return;
+
+  // copy
+  _direction = ls._direction;
+  _emittance = ls._emittance;
+  _distance = ls._distance;
+  _pdf = ls._pdf;
+  _foreshortening = ls._foreshortening;
+}
+
+
+void lightSample::_swap(lightSample& ls)
+{
+  swap(_direction, ls._direction);
+  swap(_emittance, ls._emittance);
+  std::swap(_distance, ls._distance);
+  std::swap(_pdf, ls._pdf);
+  std::swap(_foreshortening, ls._foreshortening);
+}
+	    
diff --git a/hw3/src/linear_intersector.cpp b/hw3/src/linear_intersector.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa0d767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/linear_intersector.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "linear_intersector.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+linear_intersector::linear_intersector(void)
+  : intersector_base()
+{
+  // Do nothing
+}
+
+
+linear_intersector::linear_intersector(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& compounds)
+  : intersector_base()
+{
+  _compounds = compounds;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+intersectionPoint linear_intersector::intersect(const ray& r) const
+{
+  // HW3: Implement this.
+  //      Returns the nearest intersections point of the ray 'r' with the primitives in '_compounds'.
+  // Returns: intersection point
+  // Modifies: nothing
+  intersectionPoint ip, current;
+
+  for (auto itr = _compounds.begin(); itr != _compounds.end(); itr++) {
+
+    if ((*itr)->hasShader()) {
+      current = (*itr)->intersect(r);
+      if (current < ip) { ip = current; }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  return ip;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/mat3d.cpp b/hw3/src/mat3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7674777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/mat3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "mat3d.h"
+
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+mat3d::mat3d(void)
+{
+  clear(0.0f);
+}
+
+
+mat3d::mat3d(mat3d::value_type diag)
+  : mat3d()
+{
+  setDiagonal(diag);
+}
+
+
+mat3d::mat3d(const vec3d& X, const vec3d& Y, const vec3d& Z)
+{
+  for(size_type i=0; i < 3; i++)
+  {
+    this->operator()(i,0) = X[i];
+    this->operator()(i,1) = Y[i];
+    this->operator()(i,2) = Z[i];
+  }
+}
+
+
+mat3d::mat3d(const mat3d& m)
+{
+  _data = m._data;
+}
+
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+mat3d::iterator mat3d::begin(void)
+{
+  return _data.begin();
+}
+
+
+mat3d::const_iterator mat3d::begin(void) const
+{
+  return _data.begin();
+}
+
+
+mat3d::iterator mat3d::end(void)
+{
+  return _data.end();
+}
+
+
+mat3d::const_iterator mat3d::end(void) const
+{
+  return _data.end();
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+void mat3d::clear(mat3d::value_type value)
+{
+  std::fill(begin(), end(), value);
+}
+
+
+void mat3d::setDiagonal(mat3d::value_type value)
+{
+  (*this)(0,0) = (*this)(1,1) = (*this)(2,2) = value;
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::transpose(void)
+{
+  for(size_type row=0; row < height(); row++)
+    for(size_type column=row+1; column < width(); column++)
+      std::swap( (*this)(row,column), (*this)(column,row) );
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+mat3d& mat3d::operator=(const mat3d& m)
+{
+  _assign(m);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+mat3d::reference mat3d::operator()(mat3d::size_type row, mat3d::size_type col)
+{
+  assert(row < height() && col < width());
+  return _data[ row*width() + col];
+}
+
+
+mat3d::const_reference mat3d::operator()(mat3d::size_type row, mat3d::size_type col) const
+{
+  assert(row < height() && col < width());
+  return _data[ row*width() + col];
+}
+
+
+mat3d mat3d::operator+(const mat3d& m) const
+{
+  mat3d result;
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), m.begin(), result.begin(), [](const_reference a, const_reference b)
+  {
+    return a+b;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+mat3d mat3d::operator-(const mat3d& m) const 
+{
+  mat3d result;
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), m.begin(), result.begin(), [](const_reference a, const_reference b)
+  {
+    return a-b;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+mat3d mat3d::operator*(const mat3d& m) const 
+{ 
+  mat3d result;
+  for(size_type i=0; i < result.height(); i++)
+    for(size_type j=0; j < result.width(); j++)
+      for(size_type k=0; k < width(); k++)
+	result(i,j) += (*this)(i,k) * m(k, j);
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+vec3d mat3d::operator*(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  vec3d result;
+  for(size_type i=0; i < height(); i++)
+    for(size_type j=0; j < width(); j++)
+      result[i] += v[j] * (*this)(i,j);
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+mat3d mat3d::operator*(mat3d::value_type scale) const 
+{
+  mat3d result;
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), result.begin(), [&](const_reference v)
+  {
+    return v * scale;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+mat3d mat3d::operator/(mat3d::value_type scale) const 
+{
+  mat3d result;
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), result.begin(), [&](const_reference v)
+  {
+    return v / scale;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::operator+=(const mat3d& m) 
+{ 
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), m.begin(), begin(), [](const_reference a, const_reference b)
+  {
+    return a+b;
+  });
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::operator-=(const mat3d& m) 
+{
+  std::transform(begin(), end(), m.begin(), begin(), [](const_reference a, const_reference b)
+  {
+    return a-b;
+  });
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::operator*=(const mat3d& m) 
+{
+  *this = *this * m;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::operator*=(mat3d::value_type scale) 
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [&](reference v)
+  {
+    v *= scale;
+  });
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+mat3d& mat3d::operator/=(mat3d::value_type scale) 
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [&](reference v)
+  {
+    v /= scale;
+  });
+  return *this; 
+}
+  
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void mat3d::_swap(mat3d& m)
+{
+  if(&m == this) return;
+  std::swap(_data, m._data);
+}
+
+
+void mat3d::_assign(const mat3d& m)
+{
+  if(&m == this) return;
+  _data = m._data;
+}
+
+
+vec3d mat3d::_premultiply(const vec3d& v) const
+{
+  // result = v * *this
+  vec3d result;
+  for(size_type i=0; i < height(); i++)
+    for(size_type j=0; j < width(); j++)
+      result[j] += v[i] * (*this)(i,j);
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/phongBrdf.cpp b/hw3/src/phongBrdf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40f730a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/phongBrdf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cmath>
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "phongBrdf.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+phongBrdf::phongBrdf(const color& albedo, float sharpness)
+{
+  _albedo = albedo;
+  _sharpness = sharpness;
+}
+
+
+phongBrdf::phongBrdf(const phongBrdf& src)
+{
+  _albedo = src._albedo;
+  _sharpness = src._sharpness;
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+phongBrdf& phongBrdf::operator=(const phongBrdf& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+color phongBrdf::shade(const vec3d& in, const vec3d& out) const
+{
+  // HW3: Implement this.
+  //      Returns the phong shaded color from a specular surface for an
+  //      incident lighting direction of 'in', and view direction of 'out'.
+  //      The surface normal = (0,0,1).
+  // Returns: shaded color
+  // Modifies: nothing.
+  if (out.z < EPSILON) { return color(0.0f); }
+
+  vec3d normal, r;
+  float r_dot_out;
+
+  normal = vec3d(0, 0, 1);
+  r = (2 * normal.dot(in) * normal) - in;
+  r_dot_out = r.dot(out);
+  if (r_dot_out < EPSILON) { return color(0.0f); }
+  else if (r_dot_out > EPSILON + 1) { r_dot_out = 1; }
+  return color(_albedo * pow(r_dot_out, _sharpness));
+}
+
+
+bool phongBrdf::isSpecular(void) const
+{
+  // Consider low roughness to be diffuse.
+  // Use 5.0f as an arbitrary threshold.
+  return (_sharpness > 5.0f);
+}
+
+
+bool phongBrdf::isDiffuse(void) const
+{
+  return !isSpecular();
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void phongBrdf::_assign(const phongBrdf& src)
+{
+  _albedo = src._albedo;
+  _sharpness = src._sharpness;
+}
+
+
+void phongBrdf::_swap(phongBrdf& src)
+{
+  swap(_albedo, src._albedo);
+  std::swap(_sharpness, src._sharpness);
+}
+
+
+void phongBrdf::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Phong BRDF: albedo=" << _albedo << ", sharpness=" << _sharpness;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/phongReflectanceShader.cpp b/hw3/src/phongReflectanceShader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5ac57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/phongReflectanceShader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "phongReflectanceShader.h"
+
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+phongReflectanceShader::phongReflectanceShader(const colorReflectanceParameter& albedo, const scalarReflectanceParameter& sharpness)
+  : reflectanceShader_base()
+{
+  _albedo = albedo;
+  _sharpness = sharpness;
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////
+// Protected Methods //
+///////////////////////
+std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> phongReflectanceShader::make_brdf(const vec2d& textureCoord) const
+{
+  return std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base>(new phongBrdf( _albedo(textureCoord), _sharpness(textureCoord) ));
+}
+
+
+void phongReflectanceShader::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "Phong Reflectance: albedo=" << _albedo << ", sharpness=" << _sharpness;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/ray.cpp b/hw3/src/ray.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18c839d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/ray.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include "ray.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+ray::ray(const vec3d& origin, const vec3d& direction)
+{
+  _origin = origin;
+  _direction = normalize(direction);
+}
+
+ray::ray(const ray& r)
+{
+  _origin = r._origin;
+  _direction = r._direction;
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+ray& ray::operator=(const ray& r)
+{
+  _assign(r);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+vec3d ray::operator()(float t) const
+{
+  return _origin + t*_direction;
+}
+
+
+float ray::operator()(const vec3d& point) const
+{
+  return _direction.dot(point - _origin);
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+ray& ray::transform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  _origin = t.transformPoint(_origin);
+  _direction = t.transformDirection(_direction);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+ray& ray::inverseTransform(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  _origin = t.inverseTransformPoint(_origin);
+  _direction = t.inverseTransformDirection(_direction);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void ray::_swap(ray& r)
+{
+  swap(_origin, r._origin);
+  swap(_direction, r._direction);
+}
+
+
+void ray::_assign(const ray& r)
+{
+  _origin = r._origin;
+  _direction = r._direction;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/reflectanceParameter.cpp b/hw3/src/reflectanceParameter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b918fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/reflectanceParameter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "reflectanceParameter.h"
+
+/******************************/
+/* scalarReflectanceParameter */
+/******************************/
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+scalarReflectanceParameter::scalarReflectanceParameter(float value)
+{
+  _value = value;
+  _texture = nullptr;
+  _channel = 0.0f; 
+}
+
+
+scalarReflectanceParameter::scalarReflectanceParameter(const std::shared_ptr<const texture_base>& texture, unsigned int channel)
+{
+  _value = 0.0f;
+  _texture = texture;
+  _channel = channel;
+}
+
+
+scalarReflectanceParameter::scalarReflectanceParameter(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _value = src._value;
+  _texture = src._texture;
+  _channel = src._channel;
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Operator //
+//////////////
+scalarReflectanceParameter& scalarReflectanceParameter::operator=(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+float scalarReflectanceParameter::operator()(const vec2d& textureCoord) const
+{
+  if(_texture) return (*_texture)(textureCoord)[_channel];
+  else return _value;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void scalarReflectanceParameter::_assign(const scalarReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _value = src._value;
+  _texture = src._texture;
+  _channel = src._channel;
+}
+
+
+void scalarReflectanceParameter::_swap(scalarReflectanceParameter& swp)
+{
+  std::swap(_value, swp._value);
+  std::swap(_texture, swp._texture);
+  std::swap(_channel, swp._channel);
+}
+
+
+
+/*****************************/
+/* colorReflectanceParameter */
+/*****************************/
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+colorReflectanceParameter::colorReflectanceParameter(color value)
+{
+  _value = value;
+  _texture = nullptr;
+}
+
+
+colorReflectanceParameter::colorReflectanceParameter(const std::shared_ptr<const texture_base>& texture)
+{
+  _value = color(0.0f);
+  _texture = texture;
+}
+
+
+colorReflectanceParameter::colorReflectanceParameter(const colorReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _value = src._value;
+  _texture = src._texture;
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Operator //
+//////////////
+colorReflectanceParameter& colorReflectanceParameter::operator=(const colorReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _assign(src);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+color colorReflectanceParameter::operator()(const vec2d& textureCoord) const
+{
+  if(_texture) return (*_texture)(textureCoord);
+  else return _value;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void colorReflectanceParameter::_assign(const colorReflectanceParameter& src)
+{
+  _value = src._value;
+  _texture = src._texture;
+}
+
+
+void colorReflectanceParameter::_swap(colorReflectanceParameter& swp)
+{
+  std::swap(_value, swp._value);
+  std::swap(_texture, swp._texture);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/reflectanceShader_base.cpp b/hw3/src/reflectanceShader_base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ff81fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/reflectanceShader_base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "reflectanceShader_base.h"
+#include "coordinateTransform.h"
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+color reflectanceShader_base::shade(const intersectionPoint& ip, const vec3d& light_dir) const
+{
+  // create shading frame (note: in and out point away!)
+  coordinateTransformation ct = ip.shadingFrame();
+  vec3d local_out = ct.inverseTransformDirection(-ip.direction());
+  vec3d local_in = ct.inverseTransformDirection(light_dir);
+
+  // get brdf
+  std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> brdf = make_brdf(ip.textureCoordinate());
+
+  // eval
+  return brdf->shade(local_in, local_out);
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties reflectanceShader_base::properties(const intersectionPoint& ip) const
+{
+  // get brdf
+  std::unique_ptr<const brdf_base> brdf = make_brdf(ip.textureCoordinate());
+
+  // get properties
+  return shaderProperties(brdf->isDiffuse(), brdf->isSpecular());
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/scene.cpp b/hw3/src/scene.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4491c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/scene.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+#include "scene.h"
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+const camera& scene::getCamera(void) const
+{ 
+  return _camera; 
+}
+
+
+const lightsource_base& scene::getLightsource(size_t idx) const
+{
+  assert(idx < _lightsources.size());
+  return *(_lightsources[idx]);
+}
+
+
+size_t scene::numberOfLightsources(void) const
+{
+  return _lightsources.size();
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+intersectionPoint scene::intersect(const ray& r) const
+{
+  return _sceneGraphRoot->intersect(r);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneGraphNode.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneGraphNode.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a0f600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneGraphNode.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "sceneGraphNode.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+sceneGraphNode::sceneGraphNode(void)
+  : boundedCompound()
+{
+  // Do nothing
+}
+
+sceneGraphNode::sceneGraphNode(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& nodes, const transformation3d& transform, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader)
+  : boundedCompound(transform, shader)
+{
+  // copy nodes
+  _nodes = nodes;
+
+  // init bounding box
+  initializeBoundingBox();
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& sceneGraphNode::compounds(void) const
+{
+  return _nodes;
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffff8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "util.h"
+#include "scene.h"
+#include "sceneGraphNode.h"
+#include "linear_intersector.h"
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+#include "sceneIO_basis.h"
+#include "sceneIO_light.h"
+#include "sceneIO_geometry.h"
+#include "sceneIO_material.h"
+
+
+void importScene(const std::string& filename, scene& s)
+{
+  // get root
+  std::string rootDir = getDirectory(filename);
+
+  // open xml
+  XMLNode sceneNode(filename);
+
+  // check if valid scene node
+  if(!sceneNode.isValid())
+    errorMessage("Failed to find 'scene' in %s.", filename.c_str());
+
+  // create sceneGraphNode, texture, and shader cache
+  nodeCache<boundedPrimitive> shape_cache;
+  nodeCache<shader_base> shader_cache;
+  nodeCache<texture_base> texture_cache;
+
+  // init scene data
+  bool autoTuneCamera = false;
+  std::unique_ptr<const intersector_factory_base> intersector(new linear_intersector_factory());
+ 
+  // process sceneNode
+  for(XMLNode node = sceneNode.firstChild(); node.isValid(); node++)
+  {
+    // check for general node-types
+    if(importMaterial(node, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir)) continue;
+    if(importGeometry(node, shape_cache, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir)) continue;
+
+    // check for scene-root specific nodes
+    std::string nodeName = node.name();
+    if(nodeName == "camera") autoTuneCamera = importCamera(node, s._camera);
+    else if(nodeName == "light") s._lightsources.push_back( importLight(node, shape_cache, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir) );
+    else if(nodeName == "intersector") importIntersector(node, intersector);
+    else errorMessage("Unknown node in scene xml: '%s'", nodeName.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // initialize all node's intersectors
+  auto nodeList = shape_cache.allNodes();
+  for(auto itr=nodeList.begin(); itr != nodeList.end(); itr++)
+    static_cast<boundedCompound*>(itr->get())->initialize(*intersector);
+  nodeList.clear();
+
+  // add all unreferences nodes to the _sceneGraphRoot.
+  // Note: remove any node without a shader
+  decltype(nodeList) unusedNodes;
+  nodeList = shape_cache.unusedNodes();
+  while(!nodeList.empty())
+  {
+    auto bck = nodeList.back();
+    if(bck->hasShader()) unusedNodes.push_back(bck);
+    nodeList.pop_back();
+  }
+
+  // -> init + add
+  std::unique_ptr<boundedCompound> root(new sceneGraphNode( *(reinterpret_cast< std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>* >(&unusedNodes)) ));
+  root->initialize(*intersector);
+  s._sceneGraphRoot = std::unique_ptr<const boundedCompound>(root.release());
+
+  // Auto Tune Camera is requested
+  if(autoTuneCamera) 
+    s._camera.frameBoundingBox( s._sceneGraphRoot->boundingbox() );
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_basis.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_basis.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9149ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_basis.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "sceneIO_basis.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+
+#include "linear_intersector.h"
+
+bool importCamera(const XMLNode& node, camera& cam)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "camera");
+
+  // import camera
+  cam = camera( getVec3d(node, "eye", vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)),
+		getVec3d(node, "view", vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)),
+		getVec3d(node, "up", vec3d(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)),
+		getFloat(node, "fov", 60),
+		getInteger(node, "width", 256),
+		getInteger(node, "height", 256) );
+
+  // Done.
+  return( getString(node, "auto", "false") == "true");
+}
+
+
+void importIntersector(const XMLNode& node, std::unique_ptr<const intersector_factory_base>& intersector)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "intersector");
+
+  // get intersector type
+  std::string type = getString(node, "type", "linear");
+
+  // create intersector
+  if(type == "linear") intersector = std::unique_ptr<const intersector_factory_base>( new linear_intersector_factory());
+  else errorMessage("Unknown intersector type (%s)", type.c_str());
+
+  // Done.  
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_core.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_core.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..123287e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_core.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+color getColor(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const color& default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+
+  // if defined, process..
+  if(value != "") 
+  {
+    color result;
+    int s = sscanf(value.c_str(), "%f %f %f", &result.r, &result.g, &result.b);
+
+    // check if only 1 value is given or 3.
+    if(s == 1) return color(result.r, result.r, result.r);
+    else if(s == 3) return result;
+    else errorMessage("Failed to parse color value (%s)", value.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // else return default
+  return default_value;
+}
+
+
+vec3d getVec3d(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const vec3d& default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+
+  // if defined, process..
+  if(value != "") 
+  {
+    vec3d result;
+    int s = sscanf(value.c_str(), "%f %f %f", &result.x, &result.y, &result.z);
+
+    // check if only 1 value is given or 3.
+    if(s == 1) return vec3d(result.x, result.x, result.x);
+    else if(s == 3) return result;
+    else errorMessage("Failed to parse vec3d value (%s)", value.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // else return default
+  return default_value;
+}
+
+
+vec2d getVec2d(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const vec2d& default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+
+  // if defined, process..
+  if(value != "") 
+  {
+    vec2d result;
+    int s = sscanf(value.c_str(), "%f %f", &result.x, &result.y);
+
+    // check if only 1 value is given or 2.
+    if(s == 1) return vec2d(result.x, result.x);
+    else if(s == 2) return result;
+    else errorMessage("Failed to parse vec2d value (%s)", value.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // else returnd default
+  return default_value;
+}
+
+
+std::string getString(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, const std::string& default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+  if(value != "") return std::string(value);
+  else return default_value;
+}
+
+
+float getFloat(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, float default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+if(value != "") return atof(value.c_str());
+  else return default_value;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int getInteger(const XMLNode& node, const std::string& name, unsigned int default_value)
+{
+  std::string value = node.attribute(name);
+if(value != "") return atoi(value.c_str());
+  else return default_value;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_geometry.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_geometry.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd15ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_geometry.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "sceneIO_cache.h"
+#include "sceneIO_geometry.h"
+#include "sceneIO_material.h"
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "vec2d.h"
+#include "vec3d.h"
+#include "triangle.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "importOBJ.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+#include "triangleMesh.h"
+#include "random_number.h"
+#include "sceneGraphNode.h"
+
+static void importTriangle(const XMLNode& node, std::vector<triangle>& triangle_list)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "triangle" || node.name() == "polygon");
+
+  // allocate temp data
+   unsigned int idx=0;
+   vec3d v[3], n[3];
+   vec2d t[3];
+
+   // for each child node, parse all vertices
+   for(XMLNode child = node.firstChild(); child.isValid(); child++)
+   {
+     std::string name = child.name();
+     if(name == "vertex") 
+     {
+       v[idx] = getVec3d(child, "v", vec3d(+LARGE));
+       n[idx] = getVec3d(child, "n", vec3d(0.0f));
+       t[idx] = getVec2d(child, "t", vec2d(+LARGE));
+
+       // check if valid vertex
+       if(v[idx].x >= +LARGE || v[idx].y >= +LARGE || v[idx].z >= +LARGE)
+	 errorMessage("Invalid vertex in %s definition.", node.name().c_str());
+
+       // create triangle
+       if(idx == 2)
+       {
+	 // determine which attributes are defined on the triangle
+	 bool hasNormals = (n[0].squared_length() > +EPSILON) && (n[0].squared_length() > +EPSILON) && (n[0].squared_length() > +EPSILON);
+	 bool hasTextureCoord = (fabs(t[0].x) < +LARGE && fabs(t[0].y) < +LARGE) && (fabs(t[1].x) < +LARGE && fabs(t[1].y) < +LARGE) && (fabs(t[2].x) < +LARGE && fabs(t[2].y) < +LARGE);
+
+	 if(!hasNormals && !hasTextureCoord) triangle_list.push_back(triangle(v[0], v[1], v[2]));
+	 else if(hasNormals && !hasTextureCoord) triangle_list.push_back(triangle(v[0], v[1], v[2], n[1], n[2], n[3]));
+	 else if(!hasNormals && hasTextureCoord) triangle_list.push_back(triangle(v[0], v[1], v[2], t[0], t[1], t[2]));
+	 else triangle_list.push_back(triangle(v[0], v[1], v[2], n[1], n[2], n[3], t[0], t[1], t[2]));
+
+	 // cycle (to support polygons)
+	 v[1] = v[2];
+	 n[1] = v[2];
+	 t[1] = t[2];
+       }
+       else idx++;
+     }
+     else errorMessage("Unknown child element in %s node (%s).", node.name().c_str(), name.c_str());
+   }
+
+   // check if at least one full triangle was found
+   if(idx != 2)
+     errorMessage("%s requires at least 3 vertices.", node.name().c_str());
+
+   // Done.
+ }
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive> importTriangleMesh(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<boundedPrimitive>& shape_cache, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "triangleMesh");
+
+  // allocate node properties
+  transformation3d transform;
+  std::shared_ptr<const shader_base> material;
+  std::vector<triangle> triangle_list;
+
+  // import OBJ triangles
+  std::string objname = getString(node, "filename");
+  if(objname != "")
+  {
+    std::string path = getDirectory(objname);
+    if(path == "") objname = rootDir + objname;
+    importOBJ(objname, triangle_list);
+  }
+
+  // check child nodes
+  for(XMLNode child = node.firstChild(); child.isValid(); child++)
+  {
+    std::string name = child.name();
+
+    // general child nodes
+    auto tempmat = importMaterial(child, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+    if(tempmat) material = tempmat;
+
+    // specialized child nodes
+    else if(name == "triangle" || name == "polygon") importTriangle(child, triangle_list);
+    else errorMessage("Unknown child-node in triangleMesh (%s).", name.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive>(new triangleMesh(triangle_list, material, transform));
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive> importGeometry(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<boundedPrimitive>& shape_cache, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // check if geometry type
+  if(node.name() != "sceneGraphNode" && node.name() != "triangleMesh") return std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive>(nullptr);
+
+  // check if reference
+  std::string ref = getString(node, "ref");
+  std::shared_ptr<boundedPrimitive> shape = shape_cache.get(ref);
+  if(shape) return shape;
+  else if(ref != "") errorMessage("Unknown %s name (%s).", node.name().c_str(), ref.c_str());
+
+  // generate default name & get id
+  char defaultname[32]; sprintf(defaultname, "noname-%u", random_int());
+  std::string id = getString(node, "id", defaultname);
+
+  if(shape_cache.get(id))
+    errorMessage("%s-node id is not unique (%s).", node.name().c_str(), id.c_str());
+
+  // process primitive based on type
+  else if(node.name() == "triangleMesh") shape = importTriangleMesh(node, shape_cache, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+  
+  // update cache
+  if(id != "") shape_cache.add(id, shape);
+
+  // Done.
+  return shape;
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_light.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_light.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb9e399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_light.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+#include "random_number.h"
+
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "sceneIO_basis.h"
+#include "sceneIO_light.h"
+#include "sceneIO_material.h"
+#include "sceneIO_geometry.h"
+
+#include "directionalLightsource.h"
+
+static std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base> importDirectionalLight(const XMLNode& node)
+{
+  // get properties
+  vec3d direction = getVec3d(node, "direction", vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
+  color power = getColor(node, "power", color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
+                                
+  // Done.
+  return std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base>( new directionalLightsource( direction, power));
+}
+
+
+std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base> importLight(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<boundedPrimitive>& shape_cache, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "light");
+
+  // get light source type
+  std::string type = getString(node, "type", "directional");
+ 
+  // create light source
+  std::shared_ptr<const lightsource_base> ls;
+  if(type == "directional") ls = importDirectionalLight(node);
+  else errorMessage("Unknown light source type (%s)", type.c_str());
+
+  // Done.
+  return ls;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_material.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_material.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018e913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_material.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "sceneIO_core.h"
+#include "sceneIO_material.h"
+
+#include "compoundShader.h"
+#include "reflectanceParameter.h"
+#include "phongReflectanceShader.h"
+#include "diffuseReflectanceShader.h"
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static colorReflectanceParameter importColorReflectanceParameter(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // get parameter
+  color value = getColor(node, "value", color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
+  
+  // create & return parameter, give preference to textured parameters
+  return colorReflectanceParameter(value);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static scalarReflectanceParameter importScalarReflectanceParameter(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // get parameters
+  float value = getFloat(node, "value", 0.0f);
+  unsigned int channel = getInteger(node, "channel", 0);
+
+  // create & return parameter, give preference to textured parameters
+  return scalarReflectanceParameter(value);
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static std::shared_ptr<shader_base> importDiffuse(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "diffuse");
+
+  // parameter storage
+  colorReflectanceParameter albedo;
+
+  // check child nodes
+  for(XMLNode child=node.firstChild(); child.isValid(); child++)
+  {
+    std::string name = child.name();
+    if(name == "albedo") albedo = importColorReflectanceParameter(child, texture_cache, rootDir);
+    else errorMessage("Unknown parameter in diffuse-node (%s).", name.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return std::shared_ptr<shader_base>(new diffuseReflectanceShader(albedo));
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static std::shared_ptr<shader_base> importPhong(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.name() == "phong");
+
+  // parameter storage
+  colorReflectanceParameter albedo;
+  scalarReflectanceParameter sharpness;
+
+  // check child nodes
+  for(XMLNode child=node.firstChild(); child.isValid(); child++)
+  {
+    std::string name = child.name();
+    if(name == "albedo") albedo = importColorReflectanceParameter(child, texture_cache, rootDir);
+    else if(name == "sharpness") sharpness = importScalarReflectanceParameter(child, texture_cache, rootDir);
+    else errorMessage("Unknown parameter in phong-node (%s).", name.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return std::shared_ptr<shader_base>(new phongReflectanceShader(albedo, sharpness));
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+static std::shared_ptr<shader_base> importCompoundMaterial(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  // sanity check
+  assert(node.isValid() && node.name() == "material");
+
+  // storage for child material nodes
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>> shader_list;
+
+  // for each child
+  for(XMLNode child = node.firstChild(); child.isValid(); child++)
+  {
+    // try to import material
+    std::shared_ptr<shader_base> shader = importMaterial(child, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+
+    // add to list if successful.
+    if(shader) shader_list.push_back(shader);
+    else errorMessage("Unknown material-node (%s).", child.name().c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Done.
+  return std::shared_ptr<shader_base>(new compoundShader(shader_list));
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+std::shared_ptr<shader_base> importMaterial(const XMLNode& node, nodeCache<shader_base>& shader_cache, nodeCache<texture_base>& texture_cache, const std::string& rootDir)
+{
+  std::string name = node.name();
+
+  // check material type
+  if(name != "material" &&
+     name != "diffuse" &&
+     name != "phong") return std::shared_ptr<shader_base>(nullptr);
+
+  // check if reference
+  std::string ref = getString(node, "ref");
+  std::shared_ptr<shader_base> shader = shader_cache.get(ref);
+  if(shader) return shader;
+  else if(ref != "") errorMessage("Unknown %s name (%s).", name.c_str(), ref.c_str());
+ 
+  // get id
+  std::string id = getString(node, "id");
+  if(shader_cache.get(id))
+    errorMessage("%s-id is not unique (%s).", name.c_str(), id.c_str());
+
+  // process primitives based on type
+  if(name == "material") shader = importCompoundMaterial(node, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+  else if(name == "diffuse") shader = importDiffuse(node, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+  else if(name == "phong") shader = importPhong(node, shader_cache, texture_cache, rootDir);
+  else errorMessage("Unknown material-node (%s).", name.c_str());
+
+  // update cache
+  if(id != "") shader_cache.add(id, shader);
+
+  // Done.
+  return shader;
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/sceneIO_xml.cpp b/hw3/src/sceneIO_xml.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f96480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/sceneIO_xml.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <cassert>
+#include "sceneIO_xml.h"
+#include "errorMessage.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructor //
+/////////////////
+XMLNode::XMLNode(const std::string& filename)
+{
+  // open xml
+  _xml = std::make_shared<tinyxml2::XMLDocument>();
+  _xml->LoadFile(filename.c_str());
+
+  // check if open successful
+  if(_xml->ErrorID() != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS)
+    errorMessage("Failed to open scene file: '%s'.", filename.c_str());
+
+  // set first node.
+  _element = _xml->FirstChildElement("scene");
+}
+
+
+XMLNode::XMLNode(const XMLNode& node)
+{
+  _element = node._element;
+  _xml = node._xml;
+}
+
+XMLNode::XMLNode(const tinyxml2::XMLElement* element, const std::shared_ptr<tinyxml2::XMLDocument>& xml)
+{
+  _element = element;
+  _xml = xml;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+XMLNode XMLNode::firstChild(void) const
+{
+  assert(isValid());
+  return XMLNode(_element->FirstChildElement(), _xml);
+}
+ 
+
+XMLNode XMLNode::findChild(const std::string& name) const
+{
+  assert(isValid());
+  return XMLNode(_element->FirstChildElement(name.c_str()), _xml);
+}
+ 
+ 
+bool XMLNode::isValid(void) const
+{
+  return (_element != NULL);
+}
+
+
+std::string XMLNode::name(void) const
+{
+  assert(isValid());
+  return std::string(_element->Name());
+}
+
+
+std::string XMLNode::attribute(const std::string& attribute) const
+{
+  assert(isValid());
+
+  const char* str = _element->Attribute(attribute.c_str());
+  if(str == NULL) return std::string("");
+
+  // Done.
+  return std::string(str);
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+XMLNode& XMLNode::operator=(const XMLNode& src)
+{
+  _element = src._element;
+  _xml = src._xml;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode& XMLNode::operator++(int)
+{
+  assert(_element != NULL);
+  _element = _element->NextSiblingElement();
+}
+
+
+XMLNode& XMLNode::operator++(void)
+{
+  assert(_element != NULL);
+  _element = _element->NextSiblingElement();
+}
+
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/shaderProperties.cpp b/hw3/src/shaderProperties.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aad680b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/shaderProperties.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "shaderProperties.h"
+
+
+//////////////
+// Operator //
+//////////////
+bool shaderProperties::operator==(const shaderProperties& sp) const
+{
+  return (diffuse == sp.diffuse) && (specular == sp.specular);
+}
+
+
+bool shaderProperties::operator!=(const shaderProperties& sp) const
+{
+  return !(*this == sp);
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties& shaderProperties::operator&=(const shaderProperties& sp)
+{
+  diffuse &= sp.diffuse;
+  specular &= sp.specular;
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties& shaderProperties::operator|=(const shaderProperties& sp)
+{
+  diffuse |= sp.diffuse;
+  specular |= sp.specular;
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties& shaderProperties::operator~(void)
+{
+  diffuse = ~diffuse;
+  specular = ~specular;
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties shaderProperties::operator&(const shaderProperties& sp) const
+{
+  return shaderProperties(diffuse & sp.diffuse,
+			  specular & sp.specular);
+}
+
+
+shaderProperties shaderProperties::operator|(const shaderProperties& sp) const
+{
+  return shaderProperties(diffuse | sp.diffuse,
+			  specular | sp.specular);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/tinyxml2.cpp b/hw3/src/tinyxml2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4ea7cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/tinyxml2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2466 @@
+/*

+Original code by Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)

+

+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied

+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any

+damages arising from the use of this software.

+

+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any

+purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and

+redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

+

+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must

+not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this

+software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation

+would be appreciated but is not required.

+

+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and

+must not be misrepresented as being the original software.

+

+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source

+distribution.

+*/

+

+#include "tinyxml2.h"

+

+#include <new>		// yes, this one new style header, is in the Android SDK.

+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__QNXNTO__)

+#   include <stddef.h>

+#   include <stdarg.h>

+#else

+#   include <cstddef>

+#   include <cstdarg>

+#endif

+

+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)

+	// Microsoft Visual Studio, version 2005 and higher. Not WinCE.

+	/*int _snprintf_s(

+	   char *buffer,

+	   size_t sizeOfBuffer,

+	   size_t count,

+	   const char *format [,

+		  argument] ...

+	);*/

+	static inline int TIXML_SNPRINTF( char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ... )

+	{

+		va_list va;

+		va_start( va, format );

+		int result = vsnprintf_s( buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, va );

+		va_end( va );

+		return result;

+	}

+

+	static inline int TIXML_VSNPRINTF( char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, va_list va )

+	{

+		int result = vsnprintf_s( buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, va );

+		return result;

+	}

+

+	#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF	_vscprintf

+	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf_s

+#elif defined _MSC_VER

+	// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE

+	#define TIXML_SNPRINTF	_snprintf

+	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF _vsnprintf

+	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf

+	#if (_MSC_VER < 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)

+		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and not WinCE.

+		#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF   _vscprintf // VS2003's C runtime has this, but VC6 C runtime or WinCE SDK doesn't have.

+	#else

+		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE.

+		static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )

+		{

+			int len = 512;

+			for (;;) {

+				len = len*2;

+				char* str = new char[len]();

+				const int required = _vsnprintf(str, len, format, va);

+				delete[] str;

+				if ( required != -1 ) {

+					TIXMLASSERT( required >= 0 );

+					len = required;

+					break;

+				}

+			}

+			TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );

+			return len;

+		}

+	#endif

+#else

+	// GCC version 3 and higher

+	//#warning( "Using sn* functions." )

+	#define TIXML_SNPRINTF	snprintf

+	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF	vsnprintf

+	static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )

+	{

+		int len = vsnprintf( 0, 0, format, va );

+		TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );

+		return len;

+	}

+	#define TIXML_SSCANF   sscanf

+#endif

+

+

+static const char LINE_FEED				= (char)0x0a;			// all line endings are normalized to LF

+static const char LF = LINE_FEED;

+static const char CARRIAGE_RETURN		= (char)0x0d;			// CR gets filtered out

+static const char CR = CARRIAGE_RETURN;

+static const char SINGLE_QUOTE			= '\'';

+static const char DOUBLE_QUOTE			= '\"';

+

+// Bunch of unicode info at:

+//		http://www.unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html

+//	ef bb bf (Microsoft "lead bytes") - designates UTF-8

+

+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0 = 0xefU;

+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 = 0xbbU;

+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 = 0xbfU;

+

+namespace tinyxml2

+{

+

+struct Entity {

+    const char* pattern;

+    int length;

+    char value;

+};

+

+static const int NUM_ENTITIES = 5;

+static const Entity entities[NUM_ENTITIES] = {

+    { "quot", 4,	DOUBLE_QUOTE },

+    { "amp", 3,		'&'  },

+    { "apos", 4,	SINGLE_QUOTE },

+    { "lt",	2, 		'<'	 },

+    { "gt",	2,		'>'	 }

+};

+

+

+StrPair::~StrPair()

+{

+    Reset();

+}

+

+

+void StrPair::TransferTo( StrPair* other )

+{

+    if ( this == other ) {

+        return;

+    }

+    // This in effect implements the assignment operator by "moving"

+    // ownership (as in auto_ptr).

+

+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_flags == 0 );

+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_start == 0 );

+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_end == 0 );

+

+    other->Reset();

+

+    other->_flags = _flags;

+    other->_start = _start;

+    other->_end = _end;

+

+    _flags = 0;

+    _start = 0;

+    _end = 0;

+}

+

+void StrPair::Reset()

+{

+    if ( _flags & NEEDS_DELETE ) {

+        delete [] _start;

+    }

+    _flags = 0;

+    _start = 0;

+    _end = 0;

+}

+

+

+void StrPair::SetStr( const char* str, int flags )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( str );

+    Reset();

+    size_t len = strlen( str );

+    TIXMLASSERT( _start == 0 );

+    _start = new char[ len+1 ];

+    memcpy( _start, str, len+1 );

+    _end = _start + len;

+    _flags = flags | NEEDS_DELETE;

+}

+

+

+char* StrPair::ParseText( char* p, const char* endTag, int strFlags )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( endTag && *endTag );

+

+    char* start = p;

+    char  endChar = *endTag;

+    size_t length = strlen( endTag );

+

+    // Inner loop of text parsing.

+    while ( *p ) {

+        if ( *p == endChar && strncmp( p, endTag, length ) == 0 ) {

+            Set( start, p, strFlags );

+            return p + length;

+        }

+        ++p;

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+char* StrPair::ParseName( char* p )

+{

+    if ( !p || !(*p) ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+    if ( !XMLUtil::IsNameStartChar( *p ) ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    char* const start = p;

+    ++p;

+    while ( *p && XMLUtil::IsNameChar( *p ) ) {

+        ++p;

+    }

+

+    Set( start, p, 0 );

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+void StrPair::CollapseWhitespace()

+{

+    // Adjusting _start would cause undefined behavior on delete[]

+    TIXMLASSERT( ( _flags & NEEDS_DELETE ) == 0 );

+    // Trim leading space.

+    _start = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( _start );

+

+    if ( *_start ) {

+        char* p = _start;	// the read pointer

+        char* q = _start;	// the write pointer

+

+        while( *p ) {

+            if ( XMLUtil::IsWhiteSpace( *p )) {

+                p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+                if ( *p == 0 ) {

+                    break;    // don't write to q; this trims the trailing space.

+                }

+                *q = ' ';

+                ++q;

+            }

+            *q = *p;

+            ++q;

+            ++p;

+        }

+        *q = 0;

+    }

+}

+

+

+const char* StrPair::GetStr()

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( _start );

+    TIXMLASSERT( _end );

+    if ( _flags & NEEDS_FLUSH ) {

+        *_end = 0;

+        _flags ^= NEEDS_FLUSH;

+

+        if ( _flags ) {

+            char* p = _start;	// the read pointer

+            char* q = _start;	// the write pointer

+

+            while( p < _end ) {

+                if ( (_flags & NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION) && *p == CR ) {

+                    // CR-LF pair becomes LF

+                    // CR alone becomes LF

+                    // LF-CR becomes LF

+                    if ( *(p+1) == LF ) {

+                        p += 2;

+                    }

+                    else {

+                        ++p;

+                    }

+                    *q++ = LF;

+                }

+                else if ( (_flags & NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION) && *p == LF ) {

+                    if ( *(p+1) == CR ) {

+                        p += 2;

+                    }

+                    else {

+                        ++p;

+                    }

+                    *q++ = LF;

+                }

+                else if ( (_flags & NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING) && *p == '&' ) {

+                    // Entities handled by tinyXML2:

+                    // - special entities in the entity table [in/out]

+                    // - numeric character reference [in]

+                    //   &#20013; or &#x4e2d;

+

+                    if ( *(p+1) == '#' ) {

+                        const int buflen = 10;

+                        char buf[buflen] = { 0 };

+                        int len = 0;

+                        char* adjusted = const_cast<char*>( XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef( p, buf, &len ) );

+                        if ( adjusted == 0 ) {

+                            *q = *p;

+                            ++p;

+                            ++q;

+                        }

+                        else {

+                            TIXMLASSERT( 0 <= len && len <= buflen );

+                            TIXMLASSERT( q + len <= adjusted );

+                            p = adjusted;

+                            memcpy( q, buf, len );

+                            q += len;

+                        }

+                    }

+                    else {

+                        bool entityFound = false;

+                        for( int i = 0; i < NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {

+                            const Entity& entity = entities[i];

+                            if ( strncmp( p + 1, entity.pattern, entity.length ) == 0

+                                    && *( p + entity.length + 1 ) == ';' ) {

+                                // Found an entity - convert.

+                                *q = entity.value;

+                                ++q;

+                                p += entity.length + 2;

+                                entityFound = true;

+                                break;

+                            }

+                        }

+                        if ( !entityFound ) {

+                            // fixme: treat as error?

+                            ++p;

+                            ++q;

+                        }

+                    }

+                }

+                else {

+                    *q = *p;

+                    ++p;

+                    ++q;

+                }

+            }

+            *q = 0;

+        }

+        // The loop below has plenty going on, and this

+        // is a less useful mode. Break it out.

+        if ( _flags & NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING ) {

+            CollapseWhitespace();

+        }

+        _flags = (_flags & NEEDS_DELETE);

+    }

+    TIXMLASSERT( _start );

+    return _start;

+}

+

+

+

+

+// --------- XMLUtil ----------- //

+

+const char* XMLUtil::ReadBOM( const char* p, bool* bom )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( p );

+    TIXMLASSERT( bom );

+    *bom = false;

+    const unsigned char* pu = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p);

+    // Check for BOM:

+    if (    *(pu+0) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0

+            && *(pu+1) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1

+            && *(pu+2) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 ) {

+        *bom = true;

+        p += 3;

+    }

+    TIXMLASSERT( p );

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+void XMLUtil::ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length )

+{

+    const unsigned long BYTE_MASK = 0xBF;

+    const unsigned long BYTE_MARK = 0x80;

+    const unsigned long FIRST_BYTE_MARK[7] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC };

+

+    if (input < 0x80) {

+        *length = 1;

+    }

+    else if ( input < 0x800 ) {

+        *length = 2;

+    }

+    else if ( input < 0x10000 ) {

+        *length = 3;

+    }

+    else if ( input < 0x200000 ) {

+        *length = 4;

+    }

+    else {

+        *length = 0;    // This code won't convert this correctly anyway.

+        return;

+    }

+

+    output += *length;

+

+    // Scary scary fall throughs.

+    switch (*length) {

+        case 4:

+            --output;

+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);

+            input >>= 6;

+        case 3:

+            --output;

+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);

+            input >>= 6;

+        case 2:

+            --output;

+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);

+            input >>= 6;

+        case 1:

+            --output;

+            *output = (char)(input | FIRST_BYTE_MARK[*length]);

+            break;

+        default:

+            TIXMLASSERT( false );

+    }

+}

+

+

+const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef( const char* p, char* value, int* length )

+{

+    // Presume an entity, and pull it out.

+    *length = 0;

+

+    if ( *(p+1) == '#' && *(p+2) ) {

+        unsigned long ucs = 0;

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( ucs ) >= 4 );

+        ptrdiff_t delta = 0;

+        unsigned mult = 1;

+        static const char SEMICOLON = ';';

+

+        if ( *(p+2) == 'x' ) {

+            // Hexadecimal.

+            const char* q = p+3;

+            if ( !(*q) ) {

+                return 0;

+            }

+

+            q = strchr( q, SEMICOLON );

+

+            if ( !q ) {

+                return 0;

+            }

+            TIXMLASSERT( *q == SEMICOLON );

+

+            delta = q-p;

+            --q;

+

+            while ( *q != 'x' ) {

+                unsigned int digit = 0;

+

+                if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' ) {

+                    digit = *q - '0';

+                }

+                else if ( *q >= 'a' && *q <= 'f' ) {

+                    digit = *q - 'a' + 10;

+                }

+                else if ( *q >= 'A' && *q <= 'F' ) {

+                    digit = *q - 'A' + 10;

+                }

+                else {

+                    return 0;

+                }

+                TIXMLASSERT( digit >= 0 && digit < 16);

+                TIXMLASSERT( digit == 0 || mult <= UINT_MAX / digit );

+                const unsigned int digitScaled = mult * digit;

+                TIXMLASSERT( ucs <= ULONG_MAX - digitScaled );

+                ucs += digitScaled;

+                TIXMLASSERT( mult <= UINT_MAX / 16 );

+                mult *= 16;

+                --q;

+            }

+        }

+        else {

+            // Decimal.

+            const char* q = p+2;

+            if ( !(*q) ) {

+                return 0;

+            }

+

+            q = strchr( q, SEMICOLON );

+

+            if ( !q ) {

+                return 0;

+            }

+            TIXMLASSERT( *q == SEMICOLON );

+

+            delta = q-p;

+            --q;

+

+            while ( *q != '#' ) {

+                if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' ) {

+                    const unsigned int digit = *q - '0';

+                    TIXMLASSERT( digit >= 0 && digit < 10);

+                    TIXMLASSERT( digit == 0 || mult <= UINT_MAX / digit );

+                    const unsigned int digitScaled = mult * digit;

+                    TIXMLASSERT( ucs <= ULONG_MAX - digitScaled );

+                    ucs += digitScaled;

+                }

+                else {

+                    return 0;

+                }

+                TIXMLASSERT( mult <= UINT_MAX / 10 );

+                mult *= 10;

+                --q;

+            }

+        }

+        // convert the UCS to UTF-8

+        ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( ucs, value, length );

+        return p + delta + 1;

+    }

+    return p+1;

+}

+

+

+void XMLUtil::ToStr( int v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )

+{

+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%d", v );

+}

+

+

+void XMLUtil::ToStr( unsigned v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )

+{

+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%u", v );

+}

+

+

+void XMLUtil::ToStr( bool v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )

+{

+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%d", v ? 1 : 0 );

+}

+

+/*

+	ToStr() of a number is a very tricky topic.

+	https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2/issues/106

+*/

+void XMLUtil::ToStr( float v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )

+{

+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%.8g", v );

+}

+

+

+void XMLUtil::ToStr( double v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )

+{

+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%.17g", v );

+}

+

+

+bool XMLUtil::ToInt( const char* str, int* value )

+{

+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%d", value ) == 1 ) {

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( const char* str, unsigned *value )

+{

+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%u", value ) == 1 ) {

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool XMLUtil::ToBool( const char* str, bool* value )

+{

+    int ival = 0;

+    if ( ToInt( str, &ival )) {

+        *value = (ival==0) ? false : true;

+        return true;

+    }

+    if ( StringEqual( str, "true" ) ) {

+        *value = true;

+        return true;

+    }

+    else if ( StringEqual( str, "false" ) ) {

+        *value = false;

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLUtil::ToFloat( const char* str, float* value )

+{

+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%f", value ) == 1 ) {

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+bool XMLUtil::ToDouble( const char* str, double* value )

+{

+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%lf", value ) == 1 ) {

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+

+char* XMLDocument::Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( node );

+    TIXMLASSERT( p );

+    char* const start = p;

+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+    if( !*p ) {

+        *node = 0;

+        TIXMLASSERT( p );

+        return p;

+    }

+

+    // These strings define the matching patterns:

+    static const char* xmlHeader		= { "<?" };

+    static const char* commentHeader	= { "<!--" };

+    static const char* cdataHeader		= { "<![CDATA[" };

+    static const char* dtdHeader		= { "<!" };

+    static const char* elementHeader	= { "<" };	// and a header for everything else; check last.

+

+    static const int xmlHeaderLen		= 2;

+    static const int commentHeaderLen	= 4;

+    static const int cdataHeaderLen		= 9;

+    static const int dtdHeaderLen		= 2;

+    static const int elementHeaderLen	= 1;

+

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLUnknown ) );		// use same memory pool

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLDeclaration ) );	// use same memory pool

+    XMLNode* returnNode = 0;

+    if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, xmlHeader, xmlHeaderLen ) ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLDeclaration ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+        returnNode = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLDeclaration( this );

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+        p += xmlHeaderLen;

+    }

+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, commentHeader, commentHeaderLen ) ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+        returnNode = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLComment( this );

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+        p += commentHeaderLen;

+    }

+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, cdataHeader, cdataHeaderLen ) ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLText ) == _textPool.ItemSize() );

+        XMLText* text = new (_textPool.Alloc()) XMLText( this );

+        returnNode = text;

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_textPool;

+        p += cdataHeaderLen;

+        text->SetCData( true );

+    }

+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, dtdHeader, dtdHeaderLen ) ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLUnknown ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+        returnNode = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLUnknown( this );

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+        p += dtdHeaderLen;

+    }

+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, elementHeader, elementHeaderLen ) ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLElement ) == _elementPool.ItemSize() );

+        returnNode = new (_elementPool.Alloc()) XMLElement( this );

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_elementPool;

+        p += elementHeaderLen;

+    }

+    else {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLText ) == _textPool.ItemSize() );

+        returnNode = new (_textPool.Alloc()) XMLText( this );

+        returnNode->_memPool = &_textPool;

+        p = start;	// Back it up, all the text counts.

+    }

+

+    TIXMLASSERT( returnNode );

+    TIXMLASSERT( p );

+    *node = returnNode;

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLDocument::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this ) ) {

+        for ( const XMLNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() ) {

+            if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) ) {

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return visitor->VisitExit( *this );

+}

+

+

+// --------- XMLNode ----------- //

+

+XMLNode::XMLNode( XMLDocument* doc ) :

+    _document( doc ),

+    _parent( 0 ),

+    _firstChild( 0 ), _lastChild( 0 ),

+    _prev( 0 ), _next( 0 ),

+    _memPool( 0 )

+{

+}

+

+

+XMLNode::~XMLNode()

+{

+    DeleteChildren();

+    if ( _parent ) {

+        _parent->Unlink( this );

+    }

+}

+

+const char* XMLNode::Value() const 

+{

+    // Catch an edge case: XMLDocuments don't have a a Value. Carefully return nullptr.

+    if ( this->ToDocument() )

+        return 0;

+    return _value.GetStr();

+}

+

+void XMLNode::SetValue( const char* str, bool staticMem )

+{

+    if ( staticMem ) {

+        _value.SetInternedStr( str );

+    }

+    else {

+        _value.SetStr( str );

+    }

+}

+

+

+void XMLNode::DeleteChildren()

+{

+    while( _firstChild ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild->_document == _document );

+        XMLNode* node = _firstChild;

+        Unlink( node );

+

+        DeleteNode( node );

+    }

+    _firstChild = _lastChild = 0;

+}

+

+

+void XMLNode::Unlink( XMLNode* child )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( child );

+    TIXMLASSERT( child->_document == _document );

+    TIXMLASSERT( child->_parent == this );

+    if ( child == _firstChild ) {

+        _firstChild = _firstChild->_next;

+    }

+    if ( child == _lastChild ) {

+        _lastChild = _lastChild->_prev;

+    }

+

+    if ( child->_prev ) {

+        child->_prev->_next = child->_next;

+    }

+    if ( child->_next ) {

+        child->_next->_prev = child->_prev;

+    }

+	child->_parent = 0;

+}

+

+

+void XMLNode::DeleteChild( XMLNode* node )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( node );

+    TIXMLASSERT( node->_document == _document );

+    TIXMLASSERT( node->_parent == this );

+    Unlink( node );

+    DeleteNode( node );

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertEndChild( XMLNode* addThis )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );

+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( false );

+        return 0;

+    }

+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );

+

+    if ( _lastChild ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild->_next == 0 );

+        _lastChild->_next = addThis;

+        addThis->_prev = _lastChild;

+        _lastChild = addThis;

+

+        addThis->_next = 0;

+    }

+    else {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild == 0 );

+        _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;

+

+        addThis->_prev = 0;

+        addThis->_next = 0;

+    }

+    addThis->_parent = this;

+    return addThis;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertFirstChild( XMLNode* addThis )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );

+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( false );

+        return 0;

+    }

+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );

+

+    if ( _firstChild ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild->_prev == 0 );

+

+        _firstChild->_prev = addThis;

+        addThis->_next = _firstChild;

+        _firstChild = addThis;

+

+        addThis->_prev = 0;

+    }

+    else {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild == 0 );

+        _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;

+

+        addThis->_prev = 0;

+        addThis->_next = 0;

+    }

+    addThis->_parent = this;

+    return addThis;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );

+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( false );

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    TIXMLASSERT( afterThis );

+

+    if ( afterThis->_parent != this ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( false );

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    if ( afterThis->_next == 0 ) {

+        // The last node or the only node.

+        return InsertEndChild( addThis );

+    }

+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );

+    addThis->_prev = afterThis;

+    addThis->_next = afterThis->_next;

+    afterThis->_next->_prev = addThis;

+    afterThis->_next = addThis;

+    addThis->_parent = this;

+    return addThis;

+}

+

+

+

+

+const XMLElement* XMLNode::FirstChildElement( const char* name ) const

+{

+    for( const XMLNode* node = _firstChild; node; node = node->_next ) {

+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElement();

+        if ( element ) {

+            if ( !name || XMLUtil::StringEqual( element->Name(), name ) ) {

+                return element;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+const XMLElement* XMLNode::LastChildElement( const char* name ) const

+{

+    for( const XMLNode* node = _lastChild; node; node = node->_prev ) {

+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElement();

+        if ( element ) {

+            if ( !name || XMLUtil::StringEqual( element->Name(), name ) ) {

+                return element;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+const XMLElement* XMLNode::NextSiblingElement( const char* name ) const

+{

+    for( const XMLNode* node = _next; node; node = node->_next ) {

+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElement();

+        if ( element

+                && (!name || XMLUtil::StringEqual( name, element->Name() ))) {

+            return element;

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+const XMLElement* XMLNode::PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name ) const

+{

+    for( const XMLNode* node = _prev; node; node = node->_prev ) {

+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElement();

+        if ( element

+                && (!name || XMLUtil::StringEqual( name, element->Name() ))) {

+            return element;

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEnd )

+{

+    // This is a recursive method, but thinking about it "at the current level"

+    // it is a pretty simple flat list:

+    //		<foo/>

+    //		<!-- comment -->

+    //

+    // With a special case:

+    //		<foo>

+    //		</foo>

+    //		<!-- comment -->

+    //

+    // Where the closing element (/foo) *must* be the next thing after the opening

+    // element, and the names must match. BUT the tricky bit is that the closing

+    // element will be read by the child.

+    //

+    // 'endTag' is the end tag for this node, it is returned by a call to a child.

+    // 'parentEnd' is the end tag for the parent, which is filled in and returned.

+

+    while( p && *p ) {

+        XMLNode* node = 0;

+

+        p = _document->Identify( p, &node );

+        if ( node == 0 ) {

+            break;

+        }

+

+        StrPair endTag;

+        p = node->ParseDeep( p, &endTag );

+        if ( !p ) {

+            DeleteNode( node );

+            if ( !_document->Error() ) {

+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING, 0, 0 );

+            }

+            break;

+        }

+

+        XMLDeclaration* decl = node->ToDeclaration();

+        if ( decl ) {

+                // A declaration can only be the first child of a document.

+                // Set error, if document already has children.

+                if ( !_document->NoChildren() ) {

+                        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, decl->Value(), 0);

+                        DeleteNode( decl );

+                        break;

+                }

+        }

+

+        XMLElement* ele = node->ToElement();

+        if ( ele ) {

+            // We read the end tag. Return it to the parent.

+            if ( ele->ClosingType() == XMLElement::CLOSING ) {

+                if ( parentEnd ) {

+                    ele->_value.TransferTo( parentEnd );

+                }

+                node->_memPool->SetTracked();   // created and then immediately deleted.

+                DeleteNode( node );

+                return p;

+            }

+

+            // Handle an end tag returned to this level.

+            // And handle a bunch of annoying errors.

+            bool mismatch = false;

+            if ( endTag.Empty() ) {

+                if ( ele->ClosingType() == XMLElement::OPEN ) {

+                    mismatch = true;

+                }

+            }

+            else {

+                if ( ele->ClosingType() != XMLElement::OPEN ) {

+                    mismatch = true;

+                }

+                else if ( !XMLUtil::StringEqual( endTag.GetStr(), ele->Name() ) ) {

+                    mismatch = true;

+                }

+            }

+            if ( mismatch ) {

+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT, ele->Name(), 0 );

+                DeleteNode( node );

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+        InsertEndChild( node );

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+void XMLNode::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )

+{

+    if ( node == 0 ) {

+        return;

+    }

+    MemPool* pool = node->_memPool;

+    node->~XMLNode();

+    pool->Free( node );

+}

+

+void XMLNode::InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( insertThis );

+    TIXMLASSERT( insertThis->_document == _document );

+

+    if ( insertThis->_parent )

+        insertThis->_parent->Unlink( insertThis );

+    else

+        insertThis->_memPool->SetTracked();

+}

+

+// --------- XMLText ---------- //

+char* XMLText::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* )

+{

+    const char* start = p;

+    if ( this->CData() ) {

+        p = _value.ParseText( p, "]]>", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION );

+        if ( !p ) {

+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA, start, 0 );

+        }

+        return p;

+    }

+    else {

+        int flags = _document->ProcessEntities() ? StrPair::TEXT_ELEMENT : StrPair::TEXT_ELEMENT_LEAVE_ENTITIES;

+        if ( _document->WhitespaceMode() == COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE ) {

+            flags |= StrPair::NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING;

+        }

+

+        p = _value.ParseText( p, "<", flags );

+        if ( p && *p ) {

+            return p-1;

+        }

+        if ( !p ) {

+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT, start, 0 );

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLText::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const

+{

+    if ( !doc ) {

+        doc = _document;

+    }

+    XMLText* text = doc->NewText( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    text->SetCData( this->CData() );

+    return text;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLText::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const

+{

+    const XMLText* text = compare->ToText();

+    return ( text && XMLUtil::StringEqual( text->Value(), Value() ) );

+}

+

+

+bool XMLText::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    return visitor->Visit( *this );

+}

+

+

+// --------- XMLComment ---------- //

+

+XMLComment::XMLComment( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )

+{

+}

+

+

+XMLComment::~XMLComment()

+{

+}

+

+

+char* XMLComment::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* )

+{

+    // Comment parses as text.

+    const char* start = p;

+    p = _value.ParseText( p, "-->", StrPair::COMMENT );

+    if ( p == 0 ) {

+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT, start, 0 );

+    }

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLComment::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const

+{

+    if ( !doc ) {

+        doc = _document;

+    }

+    XMLComment* comment = doc->NewComment( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    return comment;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLComment::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );

+    const XMLComment* comment = compare->ToComment();

+    return ( comment && XMLUtil::StringEqual( comment->Value(), Value() ));

+}

+

+

+bool XMLComment::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    return visitor->Visit( *this );

+}

+

+

+// --------- XMLDeclaration ---------- //

+

+XMLDeclaration::XMLDeclaration( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )

+{

+}

+

+

+XMLDeclaration::~XMLDeclaration()

+{

+    //printf( "~XMLDeclaration\n" );

+}

+

+

+char* XMLDeclaration::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* )

+{

+    // Declaration parses as text.

+    const char* start = p;

+    p = _value.ParseText( p, "?>", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION );

+    if ( p == 0 ) {

+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, start, 0 );

+    }

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLDeclaration::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const

+{

+    if ( !doc ) {

+        doc = _document;

+    }

+    XMLDeclaration* dec = doc->NewDeclaration( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    return dec;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLDeclaration::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );

+    const XMLDeclaration* declaration = compare->ToDeclaration();

+    return ( declaration && XMLUtil::StringEqual( declaration->Value(), Value() ));

+}

+

+

+

+bool XMLDeclaration::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    return visitor->Visit( *this );

+}

+

+// --------- XMLUnknown ---------- //

+

+XMLUnknown::XMLUnknown( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )

+{

+}

+

+

+XMLUnknown::~XMLUnknown()

+{

+}

+

+

+char* XMLUnknown::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* )

+{

+    // Unknown parses as text.

+    const char* start = p;

+

+    p = _value.ParseText( p, ">", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION );

+    if ( !p ) {

+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN, start, 0 );

+    }

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLUnknown::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const

+{

+    if ( !doc ) {

+        doc = _document;

+    }

+    XMLUnknown* text = doc->NewUnknown( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    return text;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLUnknown::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );

+    const XMLUnknown* unknown = compare->ToUnknown();

+    return ( unknown && XMLUtil::StringEqual( unknown->Value(), Value() ));

+}

+

+

+bool XMLUnknown::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    return visitor->Visit( *this );

+}

+

+// --------- XMLAttribute ---------- //

+

+const char* XMLAttribute::Name() const 

+{

+    return _name.GetStr();

+}

+

+const char* XMLAttribute::Value() const 

+{

+    return _value.GetStr();

+}

+

+char* XMLAttribute::ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities )

+{

+    // Parse using the name rules: bug fix, was using ParseText before

+    p = _name.ParseName( p );

+    if ( !p || !*p ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    // Skip white space before =

+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+    if ( *p != '=' ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    ++p;	// move up to opening quote

+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+    if ( *p != '\"' && *p != '\'' ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    char endTag[2] = { *p, 0 };

+    ++p;	// move past opening quote

+

+    p = _value.ParseText( p, endTag, processEntities ? StrPair::ATTRIBUTE_VALUE : StrPair::ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LEAVE_ENTITIES );

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetName( const char* n )

+{

+    _name.SetStr( n );

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryIntValue( int* value ) const

+{

+    if ( XMLUtil::ToInt( Value(), value )) {

+        return XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryUnsignedValue( unsigned int* value ) const

+{

+    if ( XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( Value(), value )) {

+        return XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryBoolValue( bool* value ) const

+{

+    if ( XMLUtil::ToBool( Value(), value )) {

+        return XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryFloatValue( float* value ) const

+{

+    if ( XMLUtil::ToFloat( Value(), value )) {

+        return XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryDoubleValue( double* value ) const

+{

+    if ( XMLUtil::ToDouble( Value(), value )) {

+        return XML_NO_ERROR;

+    }

+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;

+}

+

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( const char* v )

+{

+    _value.SetStr( v );

+}

+

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( int v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    _value.SetStr( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( unsigned v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    _value.SetStr( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( bool v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    _value.SetStr( buf );

+}

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( double v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    _value.SetStr( buf );

+}

+

+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( float v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    _value.SetStr( buf );

+}

+

+

+// --------- XMLElement ---------- //

+XMLElement::XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc ),

+    _closingType( 0 ),

+    _rootAttribute( 0 )

+{

+}

+

+

+XMLElement::~XMLElement()

+{

+    while( _rootAttribute ) {

+        XMLAttribute* next = _rootAttribute->_next;

+        DeleteAttribute( _rootAttribute );

+        _rootAttribute = next;

+    }

+}

+

+

+const XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindAttribute( const char* name ) const

+{

+    for( XMLAttribute* a = _rootAttribute; a; a = a->_next ) {

+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Name(), name ) ) {

+            return a;

+        }

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+const char* XMLElement::Attribute( const char* name, const char* value ) const

+{

+    const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );

+    if ( !a ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+    if ( !value || XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Value(), value )) {

+        return a->Value();

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+const char* XMLElement::GetText() const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        return FirstChild()->Value();

+    }

+    return 0;

+}

+

+

+void	XMLElement::SetText( const char* inText )

+{

+	if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() )

+		FirstChild()->SetValue( inText );

+	else {

+		XMLText*	theText = GetDocument()->NewText( inText );

+		InsertFirstChild( theText );

+	}

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::SetText( int v ) 

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    SetText( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::SetText( unsigned v ) 

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    SetText( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::SetText( bool v ) 

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    SetText( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::SetText( float v ) 

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    SetText( buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::SetText( double v ) 

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    SetText( buf );

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLElement::QueryIntText( int* ival ) const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();

+        if ( XMLUtil::ToInt( t, ival ) ) {

+            return XML_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;

+    }

+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLElement::QueryUnsignedText( unsigned* uval ) const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();

+        if ( XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( t, uval ) ) {

+            return XML_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;

+    }

+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLElement::QueryBoolText( bool* bval ) const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();

+        if ( XMLUtil::ToBool( t, bval ) ) {

+            return XML_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;

+    }

+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLElement::QueryDoubleText( double* dval ) const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();

+        if ( XMLUtil::ToDouble( t, dval ) ) {

+            return XML_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;

+    }

+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLElement::QueryFloatText( float* fval ) const

+{

+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {

+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();

+        if ( XMLUtil::ToFloat( t, fval ) ) {

+            return XML_SUCCESS;

+        }

+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;

+    }

+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;

+}

+

+

+

+XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name )

+{

+    XMLAttribute* last = 0;

+    XMLAttribute* attrib = 0;

+    for( attrib = _rootAttribute;

+            attrib;

+            last = attrib, attrib = attrib->_next ) {

+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( attrib->Name(), name ) ) {

+            break;

+        }

+    }

+    if ( !attrib ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLAttribute ) == _document->_attributePool.ItemSize() );

+        attrib = new (_document->_attributePool.Alloc() ) XMLAttribute();

+        attrib->_memPool = &_document->_attributePool;

+        if ( last ) {

+            last->_next = attrib;

+        }

+        else {

+            _rootAttribute = attrib;

+        }

+        attrib->SetName( name );

+        attrib->_memPool->SetTracked(); // always created and linked.

+    }

+    return attrib;

+}

+

+

+void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( const char* name )

+{

+    XMLAttribute* prev = 0;

+    for( XMLAttribute* a=_rootAttribute; a; a=a->_next ) {

+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( name, a->Name() ) ) {

+            if ( prev ) {

+                prev->_next = a->_next;

+            }

+            else {

+                _rootAttribute = a->_next;

+            }

+            DeleteAttribute( a );

+            break;

+        }

+        prev = a;

+    }

+}

+

+

+char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p )

+{

+    const char* start = p;

+    XMLAttribute* prevAttribute = 0;

+

+    // Read the attributes.

+    while( p ) {

+        p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+        if ( !(*p) ) {

+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, start, Name() );

+            return 0;

+        }

+

+        // attribute.

+        if (XMLUtil::IsNameStartChar( *p ) ) {

+            TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLAttribute ) == _document->_attributePool.ItemSize() );

+            XMLAttribute* attrib = new (_document->_attributePool.Alloc() ) XMLAttribute();

+            attrib->_memPool = &_document->_attributePool;

+			attrib->_memPool->SetTracked();

+

+            p = attrib->ParseDeep( p, _document->ProcessEntities() );

+            if ( !p || Attribute( attrib->Name() ) ) {

+                DeleteAttribute( attrib );

+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE, start, p );

+                return 0;

+            }

+            // There is a minor bug here: if the attribute in the source xml

+            // document is duplicated, it will not be detected and the

+            // attribute will be doubly added. However, tracking the 'prevAttribute'

+            // avoids re-scanning the attribute list. Preferring performance for

+            // now, may reconsider in the future.

+            if ( prevAttribute ) {

+                prevAttribute->_next = attrib;

+            }

+            else {

+                _rootAttribute = attrib;

+            }

+            prevAttribute = attrib;

+        }

+        // end of the tag

+        else if ( *p == '>' ) {

+            ++p;

+            break;

+        }

+        // end of the tag

+        else if ( *p == '/' && *(p+1) == '>' ) {

+            _closingType = CLOSED;

+            return p+2;	// done; sealed element.

+        }

+        else {

+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, start, p );

+            return 0;

+        }

+    }

+    return p;

+}

+

+void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( XMLAttribute* attribute )

+{

+    if ( attribute == 0 ) {

+        return;

+    }

+    MemPool* pool = attribute->_memPool;

+    attribute->~XMLAttribute();

+    pool->Free( attribute );

+}

+

+//

+//	<ele></ele>

+//	<ele>foo<b>bar</b></ele>

+//

+char* XMLElement::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* strPair )

+{

+    // Read the element name.

+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+

+    // The closing element is the </element> form. It is

+    // parsed just like a regular element then deleted from

+    // the DOM.

+    if ( *p == '/' ) {

+        _closingType = CLOSING;

+        ++p;

+    }

+

+    p = _value.ParseName( p );

+    if ( _value.Empty() ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+

+    p = ParseAttributes( p );

+    if ( !p || !*p || _closingType ) {

+        return p;

+    }

+

+    p = XMLNode::ParseDeep( p, strPair );

+    return p;

+}

+

+

+

+XMLNode* XMLElement::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const

+{

+    if ( !doc ) {

+        doc = _document;

+    }

+    XMLElement* element = doc->NewElement( Value() );					// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    for( const XMLAttribute* a=FirstAttribute(); a; a=a->Next() ) {

+        element->SetAttribute( a->Name(), a->Value() );					// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?

+    }

+    return element;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLElement::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );

+    const XMLElement* other = compare->ToElement();

+    if ( other && XMLUtil::StringEqual( other->Name(), Name() )) {

+

+        const XMLAttribute* a=FirstAttribute();

+        const XMLAttribute* b=other->FirstAttribute();

+

+        while ( a && b ) {

+            if ( !XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Value(), b->Value() ) ) {

+                return false;

+            }

+            a = a->Next();

+            b = b->Next();

+        }

+        if ( a || b ) {

+            // different count

+            return false;

+        }

+        return true;

+    }

+    return false;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLElement::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );

+    if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this, _rootAttribute ) ) {

+        for ( const XMLNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() ) {

+            if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) ) {

+                break;

+            }

+        }

+    }

+    return visitor->VisitExit( *this );

+}

+

+

+// --------- XMLDocument ----------- //

+

+// Warning: List must match 'enum XMLError'

+const char* XMLDocument::_errorNames[XML_ERROR_COUNT] = {

+    "XML_SUCCESS",

+    "XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE",

+    "XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE",

+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND",

+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED",

+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR",

+    "XML_ERROR_ELEMENT_MISMATCH",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE",

+    "XML_ERROR_IDENTIFYING_TAG",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN",

+    "XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT",

+    "XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT",

+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING",

+    "XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT",

+    "XML_NO_TEXT_NODE"

+};

+

+

+XMLDocument::XMLDocument( bool processEntities, Whitespace whitespace ) :

+    XMLNode( 0 ),

+    _writeBOM( false ),

+    _processEntities( processEntities ),

+    _errorID( XML_NO_ERROR ),

+    _whitespace( whitespace ),

+    _errorStr1( 0 ),

+    _errorStr2( 0 ),

+    _charBuffer( 0 )

+{

+    // avoid VC++ C4355 warning about 'this' in initializer list (C4355 is off by default in VS2012+)

+    _document = this;

+}

+

+

+XMLDocument::~XMLDocument()

+{

+    Clear();

+}

+

+

+void XMLDocument::Clear()

+{

+    DeleteChildren();

+

+#ifdef DEBUG

+    const bool hadError = Error();

+#endif

+    _errorID = XML_NO_ERROR;

+    _errorStr1 = 0;

+    _errorStr2 = 0;

+

+    delete [] _charBuffer;

+    _charBuffer = 0;

+

+#if 0

+    _textPool.Trace( "text" );

+    _elementPool.Trace( "element" );

+    _commentPool.Trace( "comment" );

+    _attributePool.Trace( "attribute" );

+#endif

+    

+#ifdef DEBUG

+    if ( !hadError ) {

+        TIXMLASSERT( _elementPool.CurrentAllocs()   == _elementPool.Untracked() );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _attributePool.CurrentAllocs() == _attributePool.Untracked() );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _textPool.CurrentAllocs()      == _textPool.Untracked() );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _commentPool.CurrentAllocs()   == _commentPool.Untracked() );

+    }

+#endif

+}

+

+

+XMLElement* XMLDocument::NewElement( const char* name )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLElement ) == _elementPool.ItemSize() );

+    XMLElement* ele = new (_elementPool.Alloc()) XMLElement( this );

+    ele->_memPool = &_elementPool;

+    ele->SetName( name );

+    return ele;

+}

+

+

+XMLComment* XMLDocument::NewComment( const char* str )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+    XMLComment* comment = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLComment( this );

+    comment->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+    comment->SetValue( str );

+    return comment;

+}

+

+

+XMLText* XMLDocument::NewText( const char* str )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLText ) == _textPool.ItemSize() );

+    XMLText* text = new (_textPool.Alloc()) XMLText( this );

+    text->_memPool = &_textPool;

+    text->SetValue( str );

+    return text;

+}

+

+

+XMLDeclaration* XMLDocument::NewDeclaration( const char* str )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLDeclaration ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+    XMLDeclaration* dec = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLDeclaration( this );

+    dec->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+    dec->SetValue( str ? str : "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"" );

+    return dec;

+}

+

+

+XMLUnknown* XMLDocument::NewUnknown( const char* str )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLUnknown ) == _commentPool.ItemSize() );

+    XMLUnknown* unk = new (_commentPool.Alloc()) XMLUnknown( this );

+    unk->_memPool = &_commentPool;

+    unk->SetValue( str );

+    return unk;

+}

+

+static FILE* callfopen( const char* filepath, const char* mode )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( filepath );

+    TIXMLASSERT( mode );

+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)

+    FILE* fp = 0;

+    errno_t err = fopen_s( &fp, filepath, mode );

+    if ( err ) {

+        return 0;

+    }

+#else

+    FILE* fp = fopen( filepath, mode );

+#endif

+    return fp;

+}

+    

+void XMLDocument::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )	{

+    TIXMLASSERT( node );

+    TIXMLASSERT(node->_document == this );

+    if (node->_parent) {

+        node->_parent->DeleteChild( node );

+    }

+    else {

+        // Isn't in the tree.

+        // Use the parent delete.

+        // Also, we need to mark it tracked: we 'know'

+        // it was never used.

+        node->_memPool->SetTracked();

+        // Call the static XMLNode version:

+        XMLNode::DeleteNode(node);

+    }

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( const char* filename )

+{

+    Clear();

+    FILE* fp = callfopen( filename, "rb" );

+    if ( !fp ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, filename, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+    LoadFile( fp );

+    fclose( fp );

+    return _errorID;

+}

+

+// This is likely overengineered template art to have a check that unsigned long value incremented

+// by one still fits into size_t. If size_t type is larger than unsigned long type

+// (x86_64-w64-mingw32 target) then the check is redundant and gcc and clang emit

+// -Wtype-limits warning. This piece makes the compiler select code with a check when a check

+// is useful and code with no check when a check is redundant depending on how size_t and unsigned long

+// types sizes relate to each other.

+template

+<bool = (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(size_t))>

+struct LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne {

+    static bool Fits( unsigned long value )

+    {

+        return value < (size_t)-1;

+    }

+};

+

+template <>

+bool LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne<false>::Fits( unsigned long /*value*/ )

+{

+    return true;

+}

+

+XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( FILE* fp )

+{

+    Clear();

+

+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_SET );

+    if ( fgetc( fp ) == EOF && ferror( fp ) != 0 ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+

+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_END );

+    const long filelength = ftell( fp );

+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_SET );

+    if ( filelength == -1L ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+

+    if ( !LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne<>::Fits( filelength ) ) {

+        // Cannot handle files which won't fit in buffer together with null terminator

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+

+    if ( filelength == 0 ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+

+    const size_t size = filelength;

+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );

+    _charBuffer = new char[size+1];

+    size_t read = fread( _charBuffer, 1, size, fp );

+    if ( read != size ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+

+    _charBuffer[size] = 0;

+

+    Parse();

+    return _errorID;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLDocument::SaveFile( const char* filename, bool compact )

+{

+    FILE* fp = callfopen( filename, "w" );

+    if ( !fp ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED, filename, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+    SaveFile(fp, compact);

+    fclose( fp );

+    return _errorID;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLDocument::SaveFile( FILE* fp, bool compact )

+{

+    // Clear any error from the last save, otherwise it will get reported

+    // for *this* call.

+    SetError( XML_NO_ERROR, 0, 0 );

+    XMLPrinter stream( fp, compact );

+    Print( &stream );

+    return _errorID;

+}

+

+

+XMLError XMLDocument::Parse( const char* p, size_t len )

+{

+    Clear();

+

+    if ( len == 0 || !p || !*p ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0 );

+        return _errorID;

+    }

+    if ( len == (size_t)(-1) ) {

+        len = strlen( p );

+    }

+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );

+    _charBuffer = new char[ len+1 ];

+    memcpy( _charBuffer, p, len );

+    _charBuffer[len] = 0;

+

+    Parse();

+    if ( Error() ) {

+        // clean up now essentially dangling memory.

+        // and the parse fail can put objects in the

+        // pools that are dead and inaccessible.

+        DeleteChildren();

+        _elementPool.Clear();

+        _attributePool.Clear();

+        _textPool.Clear();

+        _commentPool.Clear();

+    }

+    return _errorID;

+}

+

+

+void XMLDocument::Print( XMLPrinter* streamer ) const

+{

+    if ( streamer ) {

+        Accept( streamer );

+    }

+    else {

+        XMLPrinter stdoutStreamer( stdout );

+        Accept( &stdoutStreamer );

+    }

+}

+

+

+void XMLDocument::SetError( XMLError error, const char* str1, const char* str2 )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( error >= 0 && error < XML_ERROR_COUNT );

+    _errorID = error;

+    _errorStr1 = str1;

+    _errorStr2 = str2;

+}

+

+const char* XMLDocument::ErrorName() const

+{

+	TIXMLASSERT( _errorID >= 0 && _errorID < XML_ERROR_COUNT );

+    const char* errorName = _errorNames[_errorID];

+    TIXMLASSERT( errorName && errorName[0] );

+    return errorName;

+}

+

+void XMLDocument::PrintError() const

+{

+    if ( Error() ) {

+        static const int LEN = 20;

+        char buf1[LEN] = { 0 };

+        char buf2[LEN] = { 0 };

+

+        if ( _errorStr1 ) {

+            TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf1, LEN, "%s", _errorStr1 );

+        }

+        if ( _errorStr2 ) {

+            TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf2, LEN, "%s", _errorStr2 );

+        }

+

+        // Should check INT_MIN <= _errorID && _errorId <= INT_MAX, but that

+        // causes a clang "always true" -Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare warning

+        TIXMLASSERT( 0 <= _errorID && XML_ERROR_COUNT - 1 <= INT_MAX );

+        printf( "XMLDocument error id=%d '%s' str1=%s str2=%s\n",

+                static_cast<int>( _errorID ), ErrorName(), buf1, buf2 );

+    }

+}

+

+void XMLDocument::Parse()

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( NoChildren() ); // Clear() must have been called previously

+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer );

+    char* p = _charBuffer;

+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p );

+    p = const_cast<char*>( XMLUtil::ReadBOM( p, &_writeBOM ) );

+    if ( !*p ) {

+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0 );

+        return;

+    }

+    ParseDeep(p, 0 );

+}

+

+XMLPrinter::XMLPrinter( FILE* file, bool compact, int depth ) :

+    _elementJustOpened( false ),

+    _firstElement( true ),

+    _fp( file ),

+    _depth( depth ),

+    _textDepth( -1 ),

+    _processEntities( true ),

+    _compactMode( compact )

+{

+    for( int i=0; i<ENTITY_RANGE; ++i ) {

+        _entityFlag[i] = false;

+        _restrictedEntityFlag[i] = false;

+    }

+    for( int i=0; i<NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {

+        const char entityValue = entities[i].value;

+        TIXMLASSERT( 0 <= entityValue && entityValue < ENTITY_RANGE );

+        _entityFlag[ (unsigned char)entityValue ] = true;

+    }

+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'&'] = true;

+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'<'] = true;

+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'>'] = true;	// not required, but consistency is nice

+    _buffer.Push( 0 );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::Print( const char* format, ... )

+{

+    va_list     va;

+    va_start( va, format );

+

+    if ( _fp ) {

+        vfprintf( _fp, format, va );

+    }

+    else {

+        const int len = TIXML_VSCPRINTF( format, va );

+        // Close out and re-start the va-args

+        va_end( va );

+        TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );

+        va_start( va, format );

+        TIXMLASSERT( _buffer.Size() > 0 && _buffer[_buffer.Size() - 1] == 0 );

+        char* p = _buffer.PushArr( len ) - 1;	// back up over the null terminator.

+		TIXML_VSNPRINTF( p, len+1, format, va );

+    }

+    va_end( va );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PrintSpace( int depth )

+{

+    for( int i=0; i<depth; ++i ) {

+        Print( "    " );

+    }

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PrintString( const char* p, bool restricted )

+{

+    // Look for runs of bytes between entities to print.

+    const char* q = p;

+

+    if ( _processEntities ) {

+        const bool* flag = restricted ? _restrictedEntityFlag : _entityFlag;

+        while ( *q ) {

+            TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );

+            // Remember, char is sometimes signed. (How many times has that bitten me?)

+            if ( *q > 0 && *q < ENTITY_RANGE ) {

+                // Check for entities. If one is found, flush

+                // the stream up until the entity, write the

+                // entity, and keep looking.

+                if ( flag[(unsigned char)(*q)] ) {

+                    while ( p < q ) {

+                        const size_t delta = q - p;

+                        // %.*s accepts type int as "precision"

+                        const int toPrint = ( INT_MAX < delta ) ? INT_MAX : (int)delta;

+                        Print( "%.*s", toPrint, p );

+                        p += toPrint;

+                    }

+                    bool entityPatternPrinted = false;

+                    for( int i=0; i<NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {

+                        if ( entities[i].value == *q ) {

+                            Print( "&%s;", entities[i].pattern );

+                            entityPatternPrinted = true;

+                            break;

+                        }

+                    }

+                    if ( !entityPatternPrinted ) {

+                        // TIXMLASSERT( entityPatternPrinted ) causes gcc -Wunused-but-set-variable in release

+                        TIXMLASSERT( false );

+                    }

+                    ++p;

+                }

+            }

+            ++q;

+            TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );

+        }

+    }

+    // Flush the remaining string. This will be the entire

+    // string if an entity wasn't found.

+    TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );

+    if ( !_processEntities || ( p < q ) ) {

+        Print( "%s", p );

+    }

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushHeader( bool writeBOM, bool writeDec )

+{

+    if ( writeBOM ) {

+        static const unsigned char bom[] = { TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0, TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1, TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2, 0 };

+        Print( "%s", bom );

+    }

+    if ( writeDec ) {

+        PushDeclaration( "xml version=\"1.0\"" );

+    }

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::OpenElement( const char* name, bool compactMode )

+{

+    SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    _stack.Push( name );

+

+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !compactMode ) {

+        Print( "\n" );

+    }

+    if ( !compactMode ) {

+        PrintSpace( _depth );

+    }

+

+    Print( "<%s", name );

+    _elementJustOpened = true;

+    _firstElement = false;

+    ++_depth;

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, const char* value )

+{

+    TIXMLASSERT( _elementJustOpened );

+    Print( " %s=\"", name );

+    PrintString( value, false );

+    Print( "\"" );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, int v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushAttribute( name, buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, unsigned v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushAttribute( name, buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, bool v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushAttribute( name, buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, double v )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushAttribute( name, buf );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::CloseElement( bool compactMode )

+{

+    --_depth;

+    const char* name = _stack.Pop();

+

+    if ( _elementJustOpened ) {

+        Print( "/>" );

+    }

+    else {

+        if ( _textDepth < 0 && !compactMode) {

+            Print( "\n" );

+            PrintSpace( _depth );

+        }

+        Print( "</%s>", name );

+    }

+

+    if ( _textDepth == _depth ) {

+        _textDepth = -1;

+    }

+    if ( _depth == 0 && !compactMode) {

+        Print( "\n" );

+    }

+    _elementJustOpened = false;

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::SealElementIfJustOpened()

+{

+    if ( !_elementJustOpened ) {

+        return;

+    }

+    _elementJustOpened = false;

+    Print( ">" );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( const char* text, bool cdata )

+{

+    _textDepth = _depth-1;

+

+    SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    if ( cdata ) {

+        Print( "<![CDATA[%s]]>", text );

+    }

+    else {

+        PrintString( text, true );

+    }

+}

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( int value )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushText( buf, false );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( unsigned value )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushText( buf, false );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( bool value )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushText( buf, false );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( float value )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushText( buf, false );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushText( double value )

+{

+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];

+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );

+    PushText( buf, false );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushComment( const char* comment )

+{

+    SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {

+        Print( "\n" );

+        PrintSpace( _depth );

+    }

+    _firstElement = false;

+    Print( "<!--%s-->", comment );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushDeclaration( const char* value )

+{

+    SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {

+        Print( "\n" );

+        PrintSpace( _depth );

+    }

+    _firstElement = false;

+    Print( "<?%s?>", value );

+}

+

+

+void XMLPrinter::PushUnknown( const char* value )

+{

+    SealElementIfJustOpened();

+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {

+        Print( "\n" );

+        PrintSpace( _depth );

+    }

+    _firstElement = false;

+    Print( "<!%s>", value );

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& doc )

+{

+    _processEntities = doc.ProcessEntities();

+    if ( doc.HasBOM() ) {

+        PushHeader( true, false );

+    }

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLElement& element, const XMLAttribute* attribute )

+{

+    const XMLElement* parentElem = 0;

+    if ( element.Parent() ) {

+        parentElem = element.Parent()->ToElement();

+    }

+    const bool compactMode = parentElem ? CompactMode( *parentElem ) : _compactMode;

+    OpenElement( element.Name(), compactMode );

+    while ( attribute ) {

+        PushAttribute( attribute->Name(), attribute->Value() );

+        attribute = attribute->Next();

+    }

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::VisitExit( const XMLElement& element )

+{

+    CloseElement( CompactMode(element) );

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLText& text )

+{

+    PushText( text.Value(), text.CData() );

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLComment& comment )

+{

+    PushComment( comment.Value() );

+    return true;

+}

+

+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLDeclaration& declaration )

+{

+    PushDeclaration( declaration.Value() );

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLUnknown& unknown )

+{

+    PushUnknown( unknown.Value() );

+    return true;

+}

+

+}   // namespace tinyxml2

+

diff --git a/hw3/src/transformation3d.cpp b/hw3/src/transformation3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bde9caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/transformation3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "transformation3d.h"
+
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+transformation3d::transformation3d(void)
+{
+  _translation = vec3d();
+  _transformation = mat3d(1.0f);
+  _inverseTransformation = mat3d(1.0f);
+}
+
+
+transformation3d::transformation3d(const vec3d& translation, const mat3d& transformation, const mat3d& inverseTransformation)
+{
+  _translation = translation;
+  _transformation = transformation;
+  _inverseTransformation = inverseTransformation;
+}
+
+
+transformation3d::transformation3d(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  _translation = t._translation;
+  _transformation = t._transformation;
+  _inverseTransformation = t._inverseTransformation;
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Operator //
+//////////////
+transformation3d& transformation3d::operator=(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  _assign(t);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+transformation3d transformation3d::operator*(const transformation3d& t) const
+{
+  return transformation3d( transformPoint(t._translation),
+			   _transformation * t._transformation,
+			   t._inverseTransformation * _inverseTransformation);
+}
+
+
+transformation3d& transformation3d::operator*=(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  *this = *this * t;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+//////////////
+// Mutators //
+//////////////
+transformation3d& transformation3d::invert(void)
+{
+  _translation = _inverseTransformation * (-_translation);
+  swap(_transformation, _inverseTransformation);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+vec3d transformation3d::transformPoint(const vec3d& p) const
+{
+  // first transform, then translate
+  vec3d transformed = _transformation * p;
+  transformed += _translation;
+  
+  // Done.
+  return transformed;
+}
+
+
+vec3d transformation3d::transformDirection(const vec3d& d) const
+{
+  // Only apply transformation
+  vec3d transformed = _transformation * d;
+
+  // Done.
+  return transformed.normalize();
+}
+
+
+vec3d transformation3d::transformNormal(const vec3d& n) const
+{
+  // Don't apply translation.
+  // n' = (_transformation^T)^-1 * n
+  // n'^T = n^T * _transformation^-1
+  // n'^T = n^T * _inverseTransformation
+  vec3d transformed = n * _inverseTransformation;
+  
+  // Done.
+  return transformed.normalize();
+}
+
+
+vec3d transformation3d::inverseTransformPoint(const vec3d& p) const
+{
+  // for undo translation, then invert the transformation
+  vec3d transformed = p - _translation;
+  transformed = _inverseTransformation * transformed;
+
+  // Done.
+  return transformed;
+}
+
+
+vec3d transformation3d::inverseTransformDirection(const vec3d& d) const
+{
+  // Only invert the transformation
+  vec3d transformed = _inverseTransformation * d;
+
+  // Done.
+  return transformed.normalize();
+}
+
+
+vec3d transformation3d::inverseTransformNormal(const vec3d& n) const
+{
+  // Don't apply translation. Undo (transformation^T)^-1
+  vec3d transformed = n * _transformation;
+
+  // Done.
+  return transformed.normalize();
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////
+// Protected Methods //
+///////////////////////
+void transformation3d::_swap(transformation3d& t)
+{
+  std::swap(_translation, t._translation);
+  std::swap(_transformation, t._transformation);
+  std::swap(_inverseTransformation, t._inverseTransformation);
+}
+
+
+void transformation3d::_assign(const transformation3d& t)
+{
+  // avoid copying when self-assigning
+  if(&t == this) return;
+
+  // Copy
+  _translation = t._translation;
+  _transformation = t._transformation;
+  _inverseTransformation = t._inverseTransformation;
+
+  // Done.
+}
+
+
+void transformation3d::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "{";
+  s << "Translation = " << _translation << ", ";
+  s << "Transformation = " << _transformation << ", ";
+  s << "Inverse Trans. = " << _inverseTransformation;
+  s << "}";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/triangle.cpp b/hw3/src/triangle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3abe113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/triangle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "triangle.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+triangle::triangle(void)
+{
+  _vertex_list = nullptr;
+  _normal_list = nullptr;
+  _textureCoord_list = nullptr;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Copy Constructor //
+//////////////////////
+triangle::triangle(const triangle& t)
+  : triangle()
+{
+  // share ptr to list
+  _vertex_list = t._vertex_list;
+  _normal_list = t._normal_list;
+  _textureCoord_list = t._textureCoord_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _vertex_idx = t._vertex_idx;
+  _normal_idx = t._normal_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx = t._textureCoord_idx;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Move Constructor //
+//////////////////////
+triangle::triangle(triangle&& t)
+  : triangle()
+{
+  // swap list (no need to increment ref-count)
+  std::swap(_vertex_list, t._vertex_list);
+  std::swap(_normal_list, t._normal_list);
+  std::swap(_textureCoord_list, t._textureCoord_list);
+
+  // copy indices
+  _vertex_idx = t._vertex_idx;
+  _normal_idx = t._normal_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx = t._textureCoord_idx;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////////
+// General Constructors //
+//////////////////////////
+triangle::triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3)
+  : triangle()
+{
+  // create a list of three vertices
+  auto vertex_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec3d>>(3);
+  _vertex_list = vertex_list;
+
+  // copy values
+  (*vertex_list)[0] = v1;
+  (*vertex_list)[1] = v2;
+  (*vertex_list)[2] = v3;
+
+  // set indices
+  _vertex_idx = {0,1,2};
+}
+
+
+triangle::triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list)
+  : triangle()
+{
+  // share vertex list
+  _vertex_list = vertex_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _vertex_idx[0] = v1_idx;
+  _vertex_idx[1] = v2_idx;
+  _vertex_idx[2] = v3_idx;
+}
+
+
+
+triangle::triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+		  const vec3d& n1, const vec3d& n2, const vec3d& n3)
+  : triangle(v1, v2, v3)
+{
+  // create a list of three normals
+  auto normal_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec3d>>(3);
+  _normal_list = normal_list;
+
+  // copy values
+  (*normal_list)[0] = n1;
+  (*normal_list)[1] = n2;
+  (*normal_list)[2] = n3;
+
+  // set indices
+  _normal_idx = {0,1,2};
+}
+
+
+triangle::triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+		     size_t n1_idx, size_t n2_idx, size_t n3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& normal_list)
+  : triangle(v1_idx, v2_idx, v3_idx, vertex_list)
+{
+  // share normal list
+  _normal_list = normal_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _normal_idx[0] = n1_idx;
+  _normal_idx[1] = n2_idx;
+  _normal_idx[2] = n3_idx;
+}
+
+
+
+triangle::triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+		   const vec2d& t1, const vec2d& t2, const vec2d& t3)
+  : triangle(v1, v2, v3)
+{
+  // create a list of three texture coordinates
+  auto textureCoord_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec2d>>(3);
+  _textureCoord_list = textureCoord_list;
+
+  // copy values
+  (*textureCoord_list)[0] = t1;
+  (*textureCoord_list)[1] = t2;
+  (*textureCoord_list)[2] = t3;
+
+  // set indices
+  _textureCoord_idx = {0,1,2};
+}
+
+
+triangle::triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+		   size_t t1_idx, size_t t2_idx, size_t t3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec2d>>& texcoord_list)
+  : triangle(v1_idx, v2_idx, v3_idx, vertex_list)
+{
+  // share normal list
+  _textureCoord_list = texcoord_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _textureCoord_idx[0] = t1_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx[1] = t2_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx[2] = t3_idx;
+}
+
+
+
+triangle::triangle(const vec3d& v1, const vec3d& v2, const vec3d& v3,
+		   const vec3d& n1, const vec3d& n2, const vec3d& n3,
+		   const vec2d& t1, const vec2d& t2, const vec2d& t3)
+  : triangle(v1, v2, v3, n1, n2, n3)
+{
+  // create a list of three texture coordinates
+  auto textureCoord_list = std::make_shared<std::vector<vec2d>>(3);
+  _textureCoord_list = textureCoord_list;
+
+  // copy values
+  (*textureCoord_list)[0] = t1;
+  (*textureCoord_list)[1] = t2;
+  (*textureCoord_list)[2] = t3;
+
+  // set indices
+  _textureCoord_idx = {0,1,2};
+}
+
+
+triangle::triangle(size_t v1_idx, size_t v2_idx, size_t v3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& vertex_list,
+		   size_t n1_idx, size_t n2_idx, size_t n3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec3d>>& normal_list,
+		   size_t t1_idx, size_t t2_idx, size_t t3_idx, const std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<vec2d>>& texcoord_list)
+  : triangle(v1_idx, v2_idx, v3_idx, vertex_list,
+	     n1_idx, n2_idx, n3_idx, normal_list)
+{
+  // share normal list
+  _textureCoord_list = texcoord_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _textureCoord_idx[0] = t1_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx[1] = t2_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx[2] = t3_idx;
+}
+
+
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+const vec3d& triangle::vertex(size_t index) const
+{
+  // bounds check
+  assert(_vertex_list && index < 3);
+
+  // Done.
+  return (*_vertex_list)[_vertex_idx[index]];
+}
+
+
+const vec3d& triangle::normal(size_t index) const
+{
+  // bounds check
+  assert(_normal_list && index < 3);
+  
+  // Done.
+  return (*_normal_list)[_normal_idx[index]];
+}
+
+
+const vec2d& triangle::textureCoordinate(size_t index) const
+{
+  // bounds check
+  assert(_textureCoord_list && index < 3);
+
+  // Done.
+  return (*_textureCoord_list)[_textureCoord_idx[index]];
+}
+
+
+bool triangle::hasPerVertexNormals(void) const
+{
+  return (bool)(_normal_list);
+}
+
+
+bool triangle::hasPerVertexTextureCoordinates(void) const
+{
+  return (bool)(_textureCoord_list);
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+triangle& triangle::operator=(const triangle& t)
+{
+  _assign(t);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+triangle& triangle::operator=(triangle&& t)
+{
+  // swap list (no need to increment ref-count)
+  std::swap(_vertex_list, t._vertex_list);
+  std::swap(_normal_list, t._normal_list);
+  std::swap(_textureCoord_list, t._textureCoord_list);
+
+  // copy indices
+  _vertex_idx = t._vertex_idx;
+  _normal_idx = t._normal_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx = t._textureCoord_idx;
+
+  // Done.
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+bool triangle::intersect(const ray& r, vec3d& barycentricCoord, float& t) const
+{
+  // Ray-Triangle intersection [Moller and Trumbore 1997]
+  //
+  // [t           ]                1             [ ((r.origin-v0) x (v1-v0)).(v2-v0) ]
+  // [barycenter.y] = -------------------------- [ (r.dir x (v2-v0)).(r.origin-v0)   ]
+  // [barycenter.z]   ((r.dir x (v2-vo)).(v1-v0) [ ((r.origin-v0) x (v1-v0)).r.dir   ]
+  //
+  
+  // compute denominator
+  vec3d e1 = vertex(1) - vertex(0);
+  vec3d e2 = vertex(2) - vertex(0);
+  vec3d p = r.direction().cross(e2);
+  float denom = p.dot(e1);
+
+  // check if parallel (denominator == 0)
+  if(fabs(denom) < EPSILON) return false;
+  denom = 1.0f / denom;
+
+  // compute barycentricCoord.y
+  vec3d diff = r.origin() - vertex(0);
+  barycentricCoord.y = denom * p.dot(diff);
+
+  // check if barycenter.y inside triangle
+  if(barycentricCoord.y < -EPSILON || barycentricCoord.y > 1.0f+EPSILON) return false;
+
+  // compute barycentricCoord.z
+  vec3d diffXe1 = diff.cross(e1);
+  barycentricCoord.z = denom * diffXe1.dot(r.direction());
+  
+  // check if barycenter.z inside triangle
+  if(barycentricCoord.z < -EPSILON || barycentricCoord.z > 1.0f+EPSILON) return false;
+
+  // compute barycenter.x and check if inside
+  barycentricCoord.x = 1.0f - barycentricCoord.y - barycentricCoord.z;
+  if(barycentricCoord.y + barycentricCoord.z > 1.0f+EPSILON) return false;
+
+  // compute t
+  t = denom * diffXe1.dot(e2);
+
+  // check if in front (i.e., t>0)
+  if(t < EPSILON) return false;
+
+  // Clamp (to compensate for roundoff errors)
+  barycentricCoord.clamp(0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+  // Done.
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+boundingBox triangle::boundingbox(void) const
+{
+  boundingBox bb;
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < 3; i++)
+    bb += vertex(i);
+  return bb;
+}
+
+
+vec3d triangle::vertex(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const
+{
+  vec3d result(0.0f);
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < 3; i++)
+    result += vertex(i) * barycentricCoord[i];
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+vec3d triangle::normal(void) const
+{
+  vec3d e1 = vertex(1) - vertex(0);
+  vec3d e2 = vertex(2) - vertex(0);
+  return e1.cross(e2).normalize();
+}
+
+vec3d triangle::shadingAxis(void) const
+{
+  // follow texture coordinates if defined, otherwise, return the first axis.
+  if(!_textureCoord_list) return normalize(vertex(1)-vertex(0));
+
+  // find the vector that follows the U-axis of the texture coordinates
+  // solve:
+  // [ (t1-t0) (t2-t0) ] [ delta_beta delta_gamma ]^T = [1 0]^T
+  // for delta_beta and delta_gamma.
+  vec3d v1 = vertex(1) - vertex(0);
+  vec3d v2 = vertex(2) - vertex(0);
+  vec2d t1 = textureCoordinate(1) - textureCoordinate(0);
+  vec2d t2 = textureCoordinate(2) - textureCoordinate(0);
+
+  // check special cases where U or V is aligned with a vertex
+  if( fabs(t1.v) < EPSILON ) return normalize(t1.u*v1);
+  if( fabs(t2.v) < EPSILON ) return normalize(t2.u*v2);
+
+  // compute delta_beta
+  float inv_delta_beta = t1.u - t1.v*t2.u/t2.v;
+
+  // => degenrate case
+  if(fabs(inv_delta_beta) < EPSILON) return normalize(v1);
+
+  float delta_beta = 1.0f / inv_delta_beta;
+  float delta_gamma = -delta_beta * t1.v / t2.v;
+
+  // compute U
+  return normalize( delta_beta*v1 + delta_gamma*v2 );
+}
+
+
+vec3d triangle::normal(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!hasPerVertexNormals()) return normal();
+  
+  // interpolate
+  vec3d result(0.0f);
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < 3; i++)
+    result += normal(i) * barycentricCoord[i];
+  return result.normalize();
+}
+
+
+vec2d triangle::textureCoordinate(const vec3d& barycentricCoord) const
+{
+  // sanity check
+  if(!hasPerVertexTextureCoordinates()) return vec2d();
+
+  // interpolate
+  vec2d result(0.0f);
+  for(unsigned int i=0; i < 3; i++)
+    result += textureCoordinate(i) * barycentricCoord[i];
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+float triangle::area(void) const
+{
+  vec3d e1 = vertex(1) - vertex(0);
+  vec3d e2 = vertex(2) - vertex(0);
+  return 0.5f * sqrt( e1.squared_length() * e2.squared_length() );
+}
+
+
+vec3d triangle::sample(float r1, float r2, vec3d& barycentricCoord, float& pdf) const
+{
+  r2 = sqrt(r2);
+
+  // compute barycentric coordinate
+  barycentricCoord.x = r1*r2;
+  barycentricCoord.y = (1.0f - r2);
+  barycentricCoord.z = 1.0f - barycentricCoord.x - barycentricCoord.y;
+  
+  // compute pdf
+  pdf = 1.0f / area();
+
+  // Done.
+  return vertex(barycentricCoord);
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void triangle::_assign(const triangle& t)
+{
+  // avoid self-assign
+  if(&t == this) return;
+
+  // share ptr to list
+  _vertex_list = t._vertex_list;
+  _normal_list = t._normal_list;
+  _textureCoord_list = t._textureCoord_list;
+
+  // copy indices
+  _vertex_idx = t._vertex_idx;
+  _normal_idx = t._normal_idx;
+  _textureCoord_idx = t._textureCoord_idx;
+}
+
+
+void triangle::_swap(triangle& t)
+{
+  // copy list ptr
+  std::swap(_vertex_list, t._vertex_list);
+  std::swap(_normal_list, t._normal_list);
+  std::swap(_textureCoord_list, t._textureCoord_list);
+
+  // copy indices
+  std::swap(_vertex_idx, t._vertex_idx);
+  std::swap(_normal_idx, t._normal_idx);
+  std::swap(_textureCoord_idx, t._textureCoord_idx);
+}
+
diff --git a/hw3/src/triangleMesh.cpp b/hw3/src/triangleMesh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5507a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/triangleMesh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "triangleMesh.h"
+
+/////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+triangleMesh::triangleMesh(void)
+  : boundedCompound()
+{
+  // Nothing.
+}
+
+
+triangleMesh::triangleMesh(const std::vector<triangle>& triangle_list, const std::shared_ptr<const shader_base>& shader, const transformation3d& transform)
+  : boundedCompound(transform, shader)
+{
+  // allocate sufficient memory
+  _triangles.reserve(triangle_list.size());
+
+  // construct vector of boundedTriangles 
+  for_each(triangle_list.begin(), triangle_list.end(), [&](const triangle& tri)
+  {
+    _triangles.push_back( std::make_shared<boundedTriangle>(tri, shader) );
+  });
+
+  // Done.
+  initializeBoundingBox();
+}
+
+
+/////////////
+// Methods //
+/////////////
+const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const boundedPrimitive>>& triangleMesh::compounds(void) const
+{
+  return _triangles;
+}
+
+
+bool triangleMesh::hasShader(void) const
+{
+  return boundedPrimitive::hasShader();
+}
+
+
+void triangleMesh::_print(std::ostream& s) const
+{
+  s << "triangleMesh (" << _bb << ", " << _triangles.size() << " compounds)";
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/util.cpp b/hw3/src/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917eef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+#include "util.h"
+
+
+std::string getFilename(const std::string& path)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  unsigned char pathSep = '\\';
+#else
+  unsigned char pathSep = '/';
+#endif
+  size_t start = path.find_last_of(pathSep);
+  size_t end = path.find_last_of(".");
+  if(start == std::string::npos) start = -1;
+  if(end == std::string::npos) end = path.size();
+  return path.substr(start+1, end-start-1);
+}
+
+
+std::string getExtension(const std::string& path)
+{
+  size_t lastidx = path.find_last_of("."); 
+  if(lastidx == std::string::npos) return std::string();
+  else return path.substr(lastidx+1, std::string::npos);
+}
+
+
+std::string getDirectory(const std::string& path)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  unsigned char pathSep = '\\';
+#else
+  unsigned char pathSep = '/';
+#endif
+  size_t lastidx = path.find_last_of(pathSep);
+  if(lastidx == std::string::npos) return std::string();
+  return path.substr(0, lastidx+1);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/vec2d.cpp b/hw3/src/vec2d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae12e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/vec2d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "vec2d.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+vec2d::vec2d(vec2d::const_reference value)
+{ 
+  x = y = value;
+}
+
+
+vec2d::vec2d(vec2d::const_reference x, vec2d::const_reference y) 
+{
+  this->x = x;
+  this->y = y;
+}
+
+
+vec2d::vec2d(const vec2d& v)
+{
+  x = v.x;
+  y = v.y;
+}
+ 
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+vec2d::const_reference vec2d::operator[](size_t index) const 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d::reference vec2d::operator[](size_t index) 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d::iterator vec2d::begin(void)
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+vec2d::const_iterator vec2d::begin(void) const
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+vec2d::iterator vec2d::end(void)
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+vec2d::const_iterator vec2d::end(void) const
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+vec2d& vec2d::operator=(const vec2d& v) 
+{ 
+  _assign(v); 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+bool vec2d::operator==(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x == v.x) && (y == v.y); 
+}
+
+
+bool vec2d::operator!=(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x != v.x) || (y != v.y); 
+}
+  
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator-(void) const
+{
+  return vec2d(-x, -y);
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator+(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x + v.x, y + v.y); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator-(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x - v.x, y - v.y); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator*(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x * v.x, y * v.y); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator*(vec2d::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x * scale, y * scale); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator/(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x / v.x, y / v.y); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d vec2d::operator/(vec2d::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return vec2d(x / scale, y / scale); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator+=(const vec2d& v) 
+{ 
+  x += v.x; 
+  y += v.y; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator-=(const vec2d& v) 
+{ 
+  x -= v.x;
+  y -= v.y;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator*=(const vec2d& v) 
+{ 
+  x *= v.x;
+  y *= v.y;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator*=(vec2d::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  x *= scale;
+  y *= scale;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator/=(const vec2d& v) 
+{ 
+  x /= v.x;
+  y /= v.y;
+  return *this; 
+}							
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::operator/=(vec2d::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  x /= scale;
+  y /= scale;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////
+// Modifiers //
+///////////////
+vec2d::value_type vec2d::dot(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x*v.x + y*v.y);
+}
+
+
+vec2d::value_type vec2d::squared_length(void) const 
+{ 
+  return dot(*this); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d::value_type vec2d::length(void) const 
+{ 
+  return sqrt(squared_length()); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d::value_type vec2d::squared_distance(const vec2d& v) const 
+{
+  return (*this - v).squared_length(); 
+}
+
+
+vec2d::value_type vec2d::distance(const vec2d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return sqrt(squared_distance(v)); 
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Modifiers //
+///////////////
+vec2d& vec2d::abs(void)
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [](reference val) 
+  { 
+    if(val < 0) val = -val; 
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+vec2d& vec2d::normalize(void)
+{ 
+  *this /= length();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void vec2d::_assign(const vec2d& v)
+{ 
+  x = v.x;  
+  y = v.y; 
+}
+
+
+void vec2d::_swap(vec2d& v) 
+{
+  std::swap(x, v.x);
+  std::swap(y, v.y);
+}
diff --git a/hw3/src/vec3d.cpp b/hw3/src/vec3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b20ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw3/src/vec3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/******************************************************************/
+/* This file is part of the homework assignments for CSCI-427/527 */
+/* at The College of William & Mary and authored by Pieter Peers. */
+/* No part of this file, whether altered or in original form, can */
+/* be distributed or used outside the context of CSCI-427/527     */
+/* without consent of either the College of William & Mary or     */
+/* Pieter Peers.                                                  */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "vec3d.h"
+
+//////////////////
+// Constructors //
+//////////////////
+vec3d::vec3d(vec3d::const_reference value)
+{ 
+  x = y = z = value;
+}
+
+
+vec3d::vec3d(vec3d::const_reference x, vec3d::const_reference y, vec3d::const_reference z) 
+{
+  this->x = x;
+  this->y = y;
+  this->z = z;
+}
+
+
+vec3d::vec3d(const vec3d& v)
+{
+  x = v.x;
+  y = v.y;
+  z = v.z;
+}
+ 
+
+////////////////
+// Inspectors //
+////////////////
+vec3d::const_reference vec3d::operator[](size_t index) const 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d::reference vec3d::operator[](size_t index) 
+{ 
+  assert(index < size());
+  return data[index]; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d::iterator vec3d::begin(void)
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+vec3d::const_iterator vec3d::begin(void) const
+{
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+vec3d::iterator vec3d::end(void)
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+vec3d::const_iterator vec3d::end(void) const
+{
+  return begin() + size();
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Operators //
+///////////////
+vec3d& vec3d::operator=(const vec3d& v) 
+{ 
+  _assign(v); 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+bool vec3d::operator==(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x == v.x) && (y == v.y) && (z == v.z); 
+}
+
+
+bool vec3d::operator!=(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x != v.x) || (y != v.y) || (z != v.z); 
+}
+  
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator-(void) const
+{
+  return vec3d(-x, -y, -z);
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator+(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x + v.x, y + v.y, z + v.z); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator-(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x - v.x, y - v.y, z - v.z); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator*(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x * v.x, y * v.y, z * v.z); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator*(vec3d::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x * scale, y * scale, z * scale); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator/(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x / v.x, y / v.y, z / v.z); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::operator/(vec3d::const_reference scale) const 
+{ 
+  return vec3d(x / scale, y / scale, z / scale); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator+=(const vec3d& v) 
+{ 
+  x += v.x; 
+  y += v.y; 
+  z += v.z; 
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator-=(const vec3d& v) 
+{ 
+  x -= v.x;
+  y -= v.y;
+  z -= v.z;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator*=(const vec3d& v) 
+{ 
+  x *= v.x;
+  y *= v.y;
+  z *= v.z;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator*=(vec3d::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  x *= scale;
+  y *= scale;
+  z *= scale;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator/=(const vec3d& v) 
+{ 
+  x /= v.x;
+  y /= v.y;
+  z /= v.z;
+  return *this; 
+}							
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::operator/=(vec3d::const_reference scale) 
+{ 
+  x /= scale;
+  y /= scale;
+  z /= scale;
+  return *this; 
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////
+// Modifiers //
+///////////////
+vec3d::value_type vec3d::dot(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return (x*v.x + y*v.y + z*v.z);
+}
+
+
+vec3d::value_type vec3d::squared_length(void) const 
+{ 
+  return dot(*this); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d::value_type vec3d::length(void) const 
+{ 
+  return sqrt(squared_length()); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d::value_type vec3d::squared_distance(const vec3d& v) const 
+{
+  return (*this - v).squared_length(); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d::value_type vec3d::distance(const vec3d& v) const 
+{ 
+  return sqrt(squared_distance(v)); 
+}
+
+
+vec3d vec3d::cross(const vec3d& v) const
+{
+  return vec3d(y*v.z - z*v.y,
+	       z*v.x - x*v.z,
+	       x*v.y - y*v.x); 
+}
+
+
+///////////////
+// Modifiers //
+///////////////
+vec3d& vec3d::abs(void)
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [](reference val) 
+  { 
+    if(val < 0) val = -val; 
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::clamp(vec3d::value_type lower, vec3d::value_type upper)
+{
+  std::for_each(begin(), end(), [&](reference val) 
+  { 
+    if(val < lower) val = lower; 
+    else if(val > upper) val = upper;
+  });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+vec3d& vec3d::normalize(void)
+{ 
+  *this /= length();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////
+// Private Methods //
+/////////////////////
+void vec3d::_assign(const vec3d& v)
+{ 
+  x = v.x;  
+  y = v.y; 
+  z = v.z; 
+}
+
+
+void vec3d::_swap(vec3d& v) 
+{
+  std::swap(x, v.x);
+  std::swap(y, v.y);
+  std::swap(z, v.z);
+}